數位系統設計


1-1 數字表示法

基礎概念

Aj = A為Base of radix(基底),知道該系數值 , j為Power(乘幕),知道此數為X進位

2進位 = binary , 8進位 = octal , 10進位 = decimal , 16進位 = hexadeciamal

Complements of Number (補數)

例如decimal的補數

  • 9's complement =
    10n
    -1 - N,n為數字位數,N為原數字
  • 10's complement =
    10n
    -1 - N + 1,n為數字位數,N為原數字

例如binary的補數

  • 1's complement =
    2n
    -1 - N,n為數字位數,N為原數字
  • 2's complement =
    2n
    -1 - N +1,n為數字位數,N為原數字

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也可以借用complement of number去進行計算

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BCD (binary coded decimal code)

跟16進位相近,但只使用0到9的code,10到15不使用

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而在進行BCD的運算時,可以用+6(+0110)去方便判斷進位

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2-1 一些邏輯判斷與迪摩根定理

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2-2 SOP形式 / POS形式

SOP=Sum of Product
POS=Product of Sum

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2-3 索引極小值(mintern)與索引極大值(maxtern)

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mj=
Mj1

一個boolean function可以解釋成mintern跟maxtern形式

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3-1 K-map

A Karnaugh map ( K map) ( 卡諾圖 ) is a diagram madeup of squares, with each square representing one minterm of the function.

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K-map Example

simplify the third K-map

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simplify the forth K-map

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simplify the forth K-map by invert function

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Don't care condition

如果K-map當中的mintern結果為0或1皆可,那就紀錄一個X,計算時可以將其視為1或0,方便計算為主

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3-2 NAND / NOR

記住迪摩根定律,轉換SOP或POS成NAND或是NOR形式時很常用到

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AOI / OAI

AOI = and + NOR

OAI = or + NAND

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(圖上方為AOI形式,下方為OAI形式)

4-1 電路分析與設計

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4-2 Binary Adder

Half Adder

A combinational circuit that performs the addition of two bits is called a half adder

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Full Adder(一個二進位Adder電路設計)

A combinational circuit that performs the addition of three bits (two significant bits and a previous carry ) is a full adder

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Binary Adder

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Carry Lookahead Logic

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則可以用此重新表示Binary Adder

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4-3 Binary Subtractor

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4-4 Magnitude Comparator

Magnitude Comparator = 比大小

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4-5 Decoder

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對於每一種可能的輸入組合,只有一個輸出為1

4*16轉成2個3*8 (E維enable)

4-6 Encoder


是一個用來執行解碼器之反向操作的數位電路
對於每一種只有一個為1的輸入組合,有一個輸出組合

優先權編碼器的操作是假如有兩個以上的輸入同時等於1,使得具有最高優先權的輸入可以優先

4-7 Multiplexer


fun fact,multiplexer 其實就是 encode + or gate

如果皆為0,就讓
I0
這個資料通過
如果皆為1,就讓
I3
這個資料通過

簡單來說,就是讓四台車子到中繼站,讓中繼站的section決定讓哪一台車子通過

4-8 Demultiplexer

簡單來說,就是讓一台車子進到中繼站,中繼站的section決定這台車樣往哪一條路走

4-9 Boolean Function Circuits

4-10 Tri-state

C的定位有點像開關,高阻抗 = 電流過不去的說法

5-1 SR Latches

Latches = 可以隨時輸入並更改其輸出值


在此當中,可以加入En線(enable線),如果En為0那輸入無效化,如果En輸入為1那就進行正常的SR latches

5-2 D Latches

將輸入的S,R值統一成一條線D,並且D只能輸入10或01組合,D和D'就如同SR輸入,但只有一條線


5-3 Flip_Flop

Filp-Flop受到時脈(後簡稱為CLK)影響,只能在時脈當中修改其值

5-4 Positive / Negative edge時脈


5-5 DFF

跟5-2的D Latches一樣,只是將En改成時脈CLK而已
D為直接輸入(0或1)
當CLK觸發的時候,D=0就reset(輸出為0),D=1就set(輸出為1)

5-6 JKFF

DFF , D為JQ'+K'Q


5-7 TFF

JKFF當中的JK改成一條線表現, 使J=K

5-8 DFF with Asynchronous

在一般的DFF當中加入RESET線,RESET線的順位比所有人高,當RESET激發的時候輸入RESET的指令

5-9 時序電路

時序電路 = input + 現在FF狀態 + 時脈


第一階段 : 分析State Equations

第二階段 : 找到State Table

第三階段 : 畫出State Diagram

5-10 分析電路

DFF => D=1時輸出1,D=0的時輸出0

JF => DFF的變體,D=JQ'+K'Q