AppleIITaiwan
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--- title: 台灣蘋果二號同學會 Apple II Taiwan image: https://imgur.com/gallery/z9wh39H description: 關於 Apple II 的資料整理, 參考臉書社團 "台灣 Apple II 同學會" https://www.facebook.com/groups/taiwanappleii --- # 台灣蘋果二號同學會 Apple II Taiwan [![hackmd-github-sync-badge](https://hackmd.io/2uIAd4bqRgC4JHfyNXdKNg/badge)](https://hackmd.io/2uIAd4bqRgC4JHfyNXdKNg) - [Welcome](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIITaiwan/) 歡迎大家一起來豐富 Apple II 的內容, 建構更容易跨入現代電子基礎的 - 計算機結構 - 的學習地圖. [初心](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIITaiwan/) --- 2021 年夏, 有幾件事情幾乎同時發生都跟 Apple ][ 相關, 激起Apple ][ 尋根之旅 1. 找到大學時翻譯的 "Apple ][ 檢修手冊" ![](https://i.imgur.com/QUPXmjM.jpg =100x) 2. 臉友 (新竹 Andes 員工) 送給我一張 FPGA 卡, 我把它來模擬 6502 CPU, 運作順利, 至於是不是能組成 Apple ][ 功能還待確認. 3. 在網路上搜尋關於 Apple ][ 的文章還持續有人更新, 不管是硬體還是軟體, 都可以找到完整的資料, 包括: 線路圖, 線路圖詳細說明, ROM listing, Apple ][ 模擬器網站, 以及 [臉書 Apple II Enthusiasts 粉絲團](https://www.facebook.com/groups/5251478676) , 甚至還有 Apple ][ 原廠機器買賣, 一度看到 ebay 上有一台只能開機, 但無法保證運行, 衝動下去搶標, [標到 250 鎂, 結標前都還是最高價](https://www.ebay.com.hk/itm/174904732324?mkevt=1&mkpid=0&emsid=e11002.m43.l2649&mkcid=7&ch=osgood&euid=114880a220ee42c79abb9233cadd1cb9&bu=45059694189&exe=0&ext=0&logid=mdbreftime%3D1630550057598%26es%3D201%26ec%3D1&osub=-1%7E1&crd=20210901194839&segname=11002&sojTags=ch%3Dch%2Cbu%3Dbu%2Cmdbreftime%3Dmdbreftime%2Ces%3Des%2Cec%3Dec%2Cexe%3Dexe%2Cext%3Dext%2Cexe%3Dexe%2Cext%3Dext%2Cosub%3Dosub%2Ccrd%3Dcrd%2Csegname%3Dsegname%2Cchnl%3Dmkcid), (運費還不便宜), 但在最後一秒, 被人劫標, 遺憾. 其他的美國賣家都不願意運到台灣, 最後, [找到愛爾蘭的賣家](https://www.ebay.ie/itm/Apple-II-Europlus-Job-Lot-/124929928796?mkcid=16&mkevt=1&_trksid=p2349624.m2548.l6249&mkrid=5282-175127-2357-0). 4. 發現 Apple ][ 的硬體設計真的是經典, 尤其是==精簡的 video 線路==, ==Applesoft 的 BASIC 也很容易入門==. 拿來當電子學的入門, 會不會比 Arduino 來的簡單? 應該是"不會", 但是, 可以當作 Arduino 或 Micro:bit 的補充教材, 讓不懂電子的朋友, 可以從最基礎的 Apple ][ 6502 CPU 經典線路產生對 CPU architecture 的興趣, 再進階到 ARM / RISC-V CPU; 從 BASIC 進階到 C 語言, Linux OS 等. 所以, 成立這成立臉書社團["台灣蘋果二號 Apple II 同學會" 臉書粉絲團](https://www.facebook.com/groups/taiwanappleii)及此 hackmd 文章, 希望能引發大家對 Apple ][ 的興趣, 也是==對 Steve Jobs / Steve Wozniak 的致敬==, 更==適逢 2021/10/5 是 Steve Jobs 逝世十周年紀念==. 透過這經典的設計, 讓大家體會電子電路設計之美, 投入電子行業 (二度就業?), 再度創造台灣奇蹟. [Apple II 歷史](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIIHistory) --- [Apple II 技術文件](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIIdocuments) --- [Apple II 軟體](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIIsoftware) --- [Apple II 模擬器 - Windows/Mac/網頁版](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIIemulator) --- - [用 FPGA 模擬 Apple II 硬體 - 待完成](/@AppleIITaiwan/FPGA4AppleII) - [Ben Eater 的 Youtube - 6502 的 Hello World](/@AppleIITaiwan/BenEater) [計算機結構學習地圖](/@AppleIITaiwan/LearningMaps) --- <a id="reference"></a> [參考資料](/@AppleIITaiwan/AppleIITaiwan#reference) --- **Apple II 相關資源** 1. [Apple Documents - Programming - BASIC](https://www.apple.asimov.net/documentation/programming/basic/) : 不只是 BASIC, 裡面有完整的 Apple 相關資料, 包括 source code, 硬體線路圖, 各種 CPU 及各種語言如 PASCAL、FORTRAN 等, ==可以說是 Apple 的藏寶圖== 2. [github - Eiroca - Awesome List of Apple II resources 豐富的 Apple II 資源列表](https://github.com/eiroca/awesome-list/blob/master/Apple2.md) 3. [Apple II 文件整理列表](https://mirrors.apple2.org.za/Apple%20II%20Documentation%20Project/Books/) : 有書籍類、晶片、電腦系統、公司、介面卡、週邊、參考文件、軟體/作業系統等分類 4. [AppleLogic.org](http://www.applelogic.org/Processors.html): 提供多個模擬 6502 (及 Z80) 的 FPGA 程式碼, 不過, 似乎很久沒有維護了, 許多連結都是 404. 5. [Applesauce project](https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/): 也介紹支援 WOZ 的 Apple II 軟體模擬器及磁碟模擬卡 6. [github - Apple II System Software Source Code](https://github.com/cmosher01/Apple-II-Source) 7. [Apple II and Apple Il-Plus Level II Service Reference Manual](http://datassette.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/manuais/apple2level2serviceman1981.pdf) **Apple II 軟體** 1. [Apple II 軟體 .DSK 下載](https://www.planetemu.net/machine/apple-ii) 2. [Apple II 模擬器 軟體 - FTP](https://ftp.apple.asimov.net/) * [Mirror site](https://mirrors.apple2.org.za/ftp.apple.asimov.net/) 4. [microM8 網站 - 內含許多應用程式](https://paleotronic.com/software/microm8/) **Apple II 硬體模擬 - 用 SD 卡模擬軟碟或硬碟** 1. [SD 卡模擬 Apple II / Mac / Lisa 軟碟/硬碟 - 附螢幕](https://www.bigmessowires.com/floppy-emu/): 2. [SDISK II - DISK II emulator for APPLE II ](https://web.archive.org/web/20150201051540/http://tulip-house.ddo.jp/digital/SDISK2/english.html) : 包含磁碟格式轉換程式 * [eBay - 沒有庫存](https://www.ebay.com/itm/143928360065?mkevt=1&mkcid=1&mkrid=711-53200-19255-0&campid=5338722076&toolid=10001) * [內容說明](https://picclick.com/Floppy-disc-drive-Emulator-for-Apple-ii-iie-143928360065.html) 3. [硬體轉接卡 - 模擬磁碟噪音](https://www.hackster.io/news/this-device-makes-your-apple-ii-floppy-emulator-click-and-clack-like-the-real-thing-d8cb1bda1ed1) **6502 CPU 相關資源** 1. [Youtube - Reverse Engineer MOS 6502 CPU](https://youtu.be/fWqBmmPQP40) 2. [github - 6502 (及其他 CPU) 原始碼](https://github.com/larsbrinkhoff/awesome-cpus/tree/master/MCS6500) 3. [Visual 6502](http://visual6502.org/JSSim/index.html) 4. [Build an 8-bit computer from scratch - by Ben Eater](https://eater.net/8bit/kits) * [Ben Eater's blog and shop to sell 8-bit breadboard computer kits](https://eater.net/8bit/kits) * <span style="color:blue">6502 CPU power on</span> * [Youtube - 6502 hello world by Ben Eater](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnzuMJLZRdU) * [CPU - WDC 65C02S 官網及相關資料](https://www.westerndesigncenter.com/wdc/w65c02s-core.php) * [W65C02 data sheet](https://www.westerndesigncenter.com/wdc/documentation/w65c02s.pdf) * <span style="color:blue">EEPROM - ATMEL AT28C256</span> * [ATMEL AT28C256 data sheet - 原廠網頁](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/doc0006.pdf) * [ATMEL AT28C256 data sheet - local 存檔](./IC_data_sheet/Atmel_AT28C256_spec.pdf) * <span style="color:blue">RAM - </span> * <span style="color:blue">Clock module</span> 以下照片版權屬於 Ben Eater ![Clock 模組線路](https://i.imgur.com/GXGUVT3.jpg) 5. [NMOS 6502 RESET timing 詳解](https://www.pagetable.com/?p=410) * [6502 RESET timing 討論區](http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=5704) 6. [65Cx2 core by A.Daly](https://github.com/hoglet67/CoPro6502/blob/master/src/AlanD/R65Cx2.vhd) 7. [Visual Transistor-level Simulation of the 6502 CPU](http://visual6502.org) * [Reverse Engineering the MOS 6502 CPU - by Michael Steil - 3510 transistors in 60 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWqBmmPQP40) * [Visual 65502 source code](https://github.com/trebonian/visual6502) * [6502.org](http://www.6502.org/groups) * [作者 blog pagetable.com](https://www.pagetable.com/?paged=5&cat=2) 8. [NOT Open Source - Design-Reuse IP's](https://www.design-reuse.com/sip/?q=6502+microprocess) 9. [Embedding a 6502 in an FPGA - 似乎未完成](https://embeddedmicro.weebly.com/embedded-6502-on-fpga.html) 10. [Google keyword: fpga 6502 cpu and c and assembly](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=fpga+6502+cpu+and+c+and+assembly&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8) 11. [Retro-Computer](http://land-boards.com/blwiki/index.php?title=RETRO-EP4CE15) * [Retrocomputer on a FPGA](http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~sedwards/papers/edwards2009retrocomputing.pdf) 12. [MCL64 – WORLD’S FASTEST COMMODORE 64](https://microcorelabs.wordpress.com) 13. [MOUSE2Go - A 6502 computer emulated by an Arduino](https://github.com/mkeller0815/MOUSE2Go?fbclid=IwAR1zmHtBaRRmyehPyig0Gj008skJzRXLqNYP7hKBWiACdDiJR7wyYXtzkPY) 14. [KIM Uno - a 6502 KIM-1 Computer on Arduino](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/obsolescence/kim-uno-a-6502-kim-1-computer-on-arduino-e5c82c) **FPGA 模擬 Apple II** 1. [Apple2fpga: Reconstructing an Apple II+ on an FPGA by Stephen A. Edwards / Columbia University](http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~sedwards/apple2fpga/) 2. [Embedding a 6502 in an FPGA - 似乎未完成](https://embeddedmicro.weebly.com/embedded-6502-on-fpga.html) **Apple II 原始週邊產品** **Apple II 週邊產品 - 新技術** 1. [HDMI 輸出轉接卡 - Mini AV2HDMI Video Adapter](https://wiki.reactivemicro.com/Mini_AV2HDMI_Video_Adapter?fbclid=IwAR1GuoyhM_3YQRWlvKIVCAFoNKNPuAhgG7s-xEbj0HzdLww4l0LBC9USdOU) * [VidHD 官網 - Call A.P.P.L.E. - World Largest Apple User Group since 1978](https://www.callapple.org/vidhd/?fbclid=IwAR0kcnqL2a-jzOyUHY3ROJUu3MU6vZMow7xmviVIqzEHMOkvxw4WIa8r1ew) 2. [VGA 輸出轉接卡 - Apple II VGA Scaler AIIVGAS](http://www.a2heaven.com/webshop/resources/pdf_document/18/81/8.pdf) [彩蛋 2021/10/5](https://twitter.com/tim_cook/status/1445358107157221379?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet)

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