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    # 郭董推出全新政策0~6歲小孩由國家養,錢從哪裡來?【簡單看時事】Vol.2 難道台灣要成為北歐了嗎? 幾天前,國民黨總統初選參選人郭台銘在政見會上提出:「新生兒從出生到 6 歲,由國家幫你養!」的政見,引發不少冷嘲熱諷,而台灣少子女化問題嚴重,甚至已經成為台灣的國安問題。而鴻海前董事長郭台銘所提出的這項政策,可能有助於減輕年輕伴侶在生育上的沉重負擔。 不過,這個政策也受到不少質疑,其中之一就是「錢從哪來?」時代力量立法委員黃國昌估計,該政策一年需要 2860 億預算,約佔政府總預算的 12.5%。他認為,這個政策確實觸碰到許多年輕人面臨的困境,但「是否兌現、如何落實才是重點」。 台灣長期施行「輕稅簡政」政策,而台灣的租稅負擔率,比老牌的資本主義國家美國,甚至比以自由經濟著稱的新加坡還要低。 這裡提到了租稅負擔率。那麼什麼是租稅負擔率呢?租稅負擔率指的是「政府稅收」佔「一國整體所得」的比例。是衡量政府稅收規模的一種方式。只要看到這個相信就會明白為什麼總是有人把其他國家的稅收拿來跟台灣比較了吧! 低稅收有誰不喜歡?問題在於人民對於政府的服務建設期望是否也是較低的?答案是否定的,只要是人都會想要付出的少一點得到的多一點,也因此不時有民眾會出來埋怨政府這裡不好那裏不好。 如果要實現郭董的政見,政府一定需要像北歐國家那樣的稅收水平才能夠達到嗎?其實不一定,根據台灣的GDP只需要增加一到兩個百分比即可達成2860億的目標甚至超過,可以說是離北歐等國家差距相當的遠。 台灣還有多的繳稅空間嗎?事實上台灣從在1990年代時租稅負擔率就已經達到了17.5%以上,超過了不少國家,然而這20幾年來在政治的惡鬥之下導致目前的租稅負擔率急遽的下滑,讓許多原本可以實現的目標都成為了泡沫。 試想一下,如果從1990年到現在租稅負擔率都沒有下滑的話,現在的台灣會是如何的?每年都能夠撥出6000億左右的經費可以使用,這筆錢別說是0~6歲的小孩國家養,一路養到大學畢業都有可能,還能夠增加長照經費,而我們僅僅只需要維持當年的租稅負擔率就能夠達成。 但以上純屬假設的情況罷了,實際上我們應該要從哪幾個方面來著手稅收才不會引起民怨或者反彈呢?讓我們五種不同的稅收開始說吧 一、營利事業所得稅 營利事業所得稅便是針對企業課徵的所得稅。最近產創條例、境外資金匯回專法等租稅優惠法案相繼通過,造成企業所享有的稅賦減免越來越多。且許多人都認為企業應該承擔更大的社會責任,因此將稅率提高到 2010 年前的水準,應該是可以思考的方向。 二、碳稅及能源稅 碳稅是針對使用含碳燃料所徵收的費用,其目的有兩個,一是保護環境的外部成本能轉由使用者負擔,也就是污染成本必須由使用者付費;第二是藉由排放成本的提高,鼓勵工廠污染防治技術的更新,轉為投資耗能更低的技術與設備,進而促進綠色產業的發展。 三、營業稅(消費稅) 營業稅是指消費者在台灣消費時會被政府課徵其消費商品售價的 5% 作為營業稅。但相較於其它國家,台灣的營業稅率還是偏低,歐洲國家大約在 20% 左右,日本也預計在今年 10 月,將消費稅提高至 10 %。以課徵「奢侈稅」的方式,在不影響一般民眾消費的前提下,達到增加政府收入的效果。 四、遺產及贈與稅 遺贈稅是針對財富的移轉進行課稅,普遍被認為可以有效遏止資本世襲與階級複製的現象。事實上,政府每年都有給予民眾一定的財產移轉免稅額,實際課徵時還有高額的免稅門檻。有鑑於擁有上億財產的家庭在台灣少之又少,顯示遺贈稅是絕對的富人稅。 五、房地產持有稅 根據中研院同份建議書的分析,2012 年台灣房地產持有稅占 GDP 比重為 0.88%,相較於經濟合作暨發展組織各國平均值 1.14%,台灣房地產持有稅仍然是偏低的。且台灣房地產持有成本過低的現象,已對房價暴漲和居住正義帶來難以挽回的影響。 身為鬼島台灣的一份子,數十年經濟成長的果實卻沒有如實回饋在廣大勞工的身上,反而博得 OECD 國家工時排名第三高的「美名」,且台灣賦稅偏低是不爭的事實。因此,希望所有政治人物和有意問鼎大位者,不論是否贊成鼓勵生育的相關政見主張,都能夠好好思考不同的政策,讓台灣成為一個貧富差距更小,也更公平正義的國家。 那麼以上就是這次對於0~6歲政府養的政策介紹拉,如果喜歡我們的影片請記得案讚分享及訂閱哦我們下次見,掰掰

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