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    --- title: 20201029-Fuzzy 模糊理論 # 簡報的名稱 tags: presentation # 簡報的標籤 slideOptions: # 簡報相關的設定 # theme: solarized # 顏色主題 transition: 'fade' # 換頁動畫 # parallaxBackgroundImage: 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/reveal-parallax-1.jpg' --- <style> .reveal, .reveal h1, .reveal h2, .reveal h3, .reveal h4, .reveal h5, .reveal h6 { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, PingFangTC-Light, "Microsoft JhengHei", "微軟正黑", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji" } .reveal article { font-size:25px !important; } .reveal .left { text-align:left; } .reveal li { font-size:20px !important; } </style> ## Fuzzy 模糊理論 <!-- .slide: data-background="https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/reveal-parallax-2.jpg" --> 2020/10/29 ###### Presenter: 蔡易霖 --- ## 人工智慧的分級 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/z1cxaIM.png" width=100/> <article>人工智慧依照機器能夠處理與判斷的能力大致分為四級:<br><br> 1. 第一級人工智慧:自動控制 2. 第二級人工智慧:探索推論 3. 第三級人工智慧:機器學習 4. 第四級人工智慧:深度學習 </article> --- ## 第一級人工智慧:自動控制 ---- ##### 第一級人工智慧:自動控制 - 機器含有自動控制的功能,可以經由感測器偵測外界的溫度、濕度、亮度、震動、距離、影像、聲音等訊號,經由控制程式自動做出相對的反應,例如:吸塵器、冷氣機等... - 程式設計師必須先把所有可能的情況都考慮進去才能寫出控制程式。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zCeDQaY.png)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> --- ### 第二級人工智慧:探索推論、運用知識 ---- #### 第二級人工智慧:探索推論、運用知識 <article class="left"> <span><!-- .element: class="fragment highlight-red" -->探索推論</span>、<span><!-- .element: class="fragment highlight-red" -->運用知識</span>,是基本典型的人工智慧,利用演算法將輸入與輸出資料產生關聯,可以產生極為大量的輸入與輸出資料的排列組合,可能的應用包括推論解析程式、醫學診斷程式等。 <article/> ![](https://i.imgur.com/wzZ6eVc.png) --- ### 第三級人工智慧:機器學習 ### 第四級人工智慧:深度學習 <span>略 :stuck_out_tongue_winking_eye:</span><!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> --- ## 模糊應用 <article class="left"> 模糊理論可以運用在現實生活周遭。例如:洗衣機、冷氣、機台控制、微環境控制、汽車防撞系統、飛行模擬...等。 <article/> 相關論文應用: - [Diet/ Healthcare/ Travel](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6979249) - [E-Learning/ Education/ IRT/ Ontology Construction](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405535215000595) - [Game/ Go](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9177654) - [Energy Management](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6891744) - [Patent Evaluation](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7256899) - [Information Security](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00500-013-1056-0) - [University Assessment](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-012-0139-6) --- ## 邏輯 VS. 模糊 ---- #### 邏輯 VS. 模糊 - 人工智慧的方法非常多樣,早期的人工智慧研究聚焦在邏輯推論的方法 - 邏輯推論方法,需要百分之百確定的事實配合,因此在實務上不容易使用 - 模糊推論方法,雖然在理論上較不優美,但是在實務上卻很有用! ![](https://i.imgur.com/usDUos5.png) --- #### 布林邏輯與模糊邏輯 ![](https://i.imgur.com/E5Gj92i.png) --- #### 用模糊來調和對立 <article class="left">模糊是可以用來調和對立的。譬如說:如果硬要規定180公分以上才叫高的人,那麼身高179公分的人就要抗議了。但是如果高的定義是由模糊的隸屬函數來定義的話,179公分已經相當高了!</article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/tkxuUzx.png) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/TQxeiP4.png) --- ### 自然語言的模糊邏輯表示 - 模糊邏輯處理變數的歸屬度(membership)和確定度(degrees of certainty): ![](https://i.imgur.com/h5RqeyQ.png) --- ### 模糊(Fuzzy) 起源 <article class="left">Fuzzy 起源於1965年美國加州柏克萊大學的L.A. Zadeh教授,在 Information and Control 學術期刊上所發表的論文-模糊集合(Fuzzy Sets) 。是為了解決真實世界中普遍存在的模糊現象而發展的ㄧ門學問,用一種數學模型來描述語意式的模糊資訊的方法。 </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/FM445Lw.png) --- #### Why use Fuzzy Logic for control? <article class="left"> 1. 非線性或不易明白理解(Vague模糊)的事物,並處理解決複雜的系統 <br> 2. 易於描述人類的知識 </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/LAOdFX3.png) --- #### 模糊系統有哪些元素? - 知識庫:模糊控制系統具有哪些知識 - (Ex.食物好不好吃、學生成績高還低......) - 規則庫:規定變數(知識)的條件組合結果 - (Ex.食物好吃,價格便宜,環境好→給的小費就高) ![](https://i.imgur.com/iTsPqTA.jpg)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> --- #### Fuzzy Control Systems: The Tipping Problem ### 以下以小費系統為例 :smiley: --- ### The Tipping Problem <article class="left">這邊以小費系統建立模糊標記系統,依據食物(food)、服務(service)、環境(enviroment)作為模糊變數為輸入,最後輸出一個需要給予的小費(pay_tips)。<br><br> - Input - food、service、enviroment - Output - pay_tips </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/4AzellT.png) --- ## Step 1. 知識庫建立 - 模糊集合 (Fuzzy set) - 隸屬度函數 (Membership function) ---- ### Step 1-1. 模糊集合 <article class="left">這裏以變數 food 為例,食物好不好吃分為三個等級。就是有三個 fuzzy set: bad、normal、delicious。</article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/tWKCRjz.png) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/61heDPN.png) ---- ### Step 1-2. 隸屬度函數 <article class="left"> 常見的隸屬函數有:<br> - Trapezoidal (梯形) - Triangular (三角形) - Gaussian (高斯) - Piecewise linear (分段線性) - Singleton (單例模式) </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/JS6FVgF.png) --- ## Step 2. 建置規則庫 ![](https://i.imgur.com/yvTuzkK.png) ---- ### 語意式模糊規則 ![](https://i.imgur.com/F6wiv2K.png) ---- #### Mamdani 模糊推理模型 <article class="left">假設模糊規則庫中,只有以下三個模糊規則:<br><br> - If x is small Then y is large - If x is medium Then y is medium - If x is large Then y is small </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/CANPbSK.png) --- ### 模糊推論 (inference) ![](https://i.imgur.com/RfOuU4I.png) ---- 推論機制?以 Mamdani 方法為例 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/JuZSpJW.png" width=700> --- 人給的規則不一定是最好的! 可能還有你沒發現的規則在實務上會發生:confused: --- 這時候就交給機器學習吧!那...機器如何學習? <span>我想不用解釋了:joy:</span><!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> --- ### 基因演算法(GA)學習 機器學習的第一步:搜集訓練資料 ![](https://i.imgur.com/BohcHPm.png) ---- ### 基因演算法 <article class="left">基因演算法是計算數學中用於解決最佳化的搜尋演算法,是進化演算法的一種。進化演算法最初是借鑑了進化生物學中的一些現象而發展起來的,這些現象包括遺傳、突變、自然選擇以及雜交等等。 </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/aSnHOJB.png) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/twSkxZ0.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZdXr2ue.png) ---- 學習後的知識庫 ![](https://i.imgur.com/vIXWYZd.png) ---- 規則庫 ![](https://i.imgur.com/RgjhIvj.png) --- ### 模糊化類神經網路 <article class="left"> 三種最典型的「模糊化類神經網路」分別為: <br><br> - 適應性網路架構的模糊推論系統(adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system 簡稱為 ANFIS) - 模糊適應性學習控制網路(fuzzy adaptive learning control network 簡稱為 FALCON) - 倒傳遞模糊系統(backpropagation fuzzy system) </article> ![](https://i.imgur.com/aYu8KED.png) --- ### Thanks! <article class="left"> Reference: 1. [模糊理論簡介及其在家電與工業上的應用](https://www.tiri.narl.org.tw/Files/Doc/Publication/InstTdy/129/01290620.pdf) 2. [FML for Real-World Applications](http://oase.nutn.edu.tw/fuzz2019-fmlcompetition/files/FML%20for%20Real-World%20Applications-02192016.pdf) 3. [當傳統AI遇見現代AI](https://medium.com/ai-academy-taiwan/%E7%95%B6%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1ai%E9%81%87%E8%A6%8B%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3ai-ac51d6814918) 4. [用模糊邏輯實現可解釋的深度神經網絡](https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/tech/e3bvjby.html) </article>

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