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    # APAS1 **Architectures parallèles et architectures spécialisées** Christian Garnier christian.garnier.36@gmail.com A REGARDER: [playlist](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbC0EZY8yw4&list=PL5Q2soXY2Zi_uej3aY39YB5pfW4SJ7LlN) --- ## Séance 1 Questions révisions: 1) Quelle est la méthode pour passer dans une équation d'une somme de produit en un produit de sommes? Factorisation 2) Réduire équation `Y = AB!CD + !A!BCD + !AB!D + A!BC + !A!B!CD` TODO 3) Réduire équation précédente en utilisant méthode Karnault TODO 4) Table vérité XOR + 2 utilisations de cette fonctions | A | B | XOR | |---|---|-----| | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | - Circuits électroniques, faire des portes logiques - Masques pour inverser des bits 5) Table vérité multiplexeur 8 vers 1 TODO 6) Table vérite encodeur de priorité à 8 entrées TODO 7) A quoi il sert? TODO 8) Table vérité bascule D et bascule JK TODO 9) Est-il possible de réaliser une bascule JK à partir d'une bascule D? Si oui, comment? Si non, pourquoi? TODO 10) Méthode pour coder la valeur -5 en binaire Divisions successives ou compter les puissances de 2 + bit de poids fort = le signe 11) Schéma d'un demi-additionneur + table de vérité TODO 12) A partir du schéma précédent, réaliser un additionneur complet TODO 13) Comment fonctionne une sortie tri-state et à quoi cela sert-il? TODO 14) Qu'est-ce qu'une machine de Moore? TODO 15) Décrivez sous forme de machine à états finis le comportement ouverture et fermeture d'une barrière de parking? TODO 16) Différence CISC / RISC? CISC = beaucoup d'instructions complexes pour faire des opérations complexes en une seule instructions (par exemple https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/gf2p8affineinvqb) et demande du hardware complexe et plus intelligent pour être décodé RISC = peu d'instructions, plus simple, donc moins lisible mais demande du hardware moins complexe pour le décoder 17) A quoi sert le compteur ordinal du proco A pointer sur l'adresse de la prochaine instruction = registre PC 18) Cycle exécution instruction assembleur `add *R1, @toto` - Prendre la valeur dans `R1` - Additionner cette valeur à l'adresse `toto` 19) L'instruction est-elle CISC ou RISC? C'est une instruction CISC parce qu'il y a déréférence + addition dans la même instruction (au moins 2 opérations) 20) A quoi sert une micro-instruction dans un processeur? Opération atomique du processeur 21) Que représente le terme "séquenceur"? TODO 22) Réaliser un schéma de séquenceur et décrire son comportement TODO 23) Différence entre PAL, EPLD, CPLD et FPGA? TODO 24) Différence entre logique positive et négative? TODO 25) Définition "temps réel" TODO --- Chaque **micro-instruction** permet de décomposer les instructions en opérations élémentaires à exécuter, et remonte les résultats dans un **statut** = les flags (*carry*, *zero*, ...) Pour du **CISC**: 1 instruction = 7 étapes (micro-instructions) - lecture instruction - incrémente compteur ordinal (PC donc `EIP`) - décodage instruction - localisation des opérandes - lecture des opérandes - traitement instruction - rangement résultat Un système temps réel est un système qui a un temps de réponse en adéquation avec les contraintes inhérentes au besoin

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