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    # 醫概期末考重點統整 :::success 郭冠良老師gmail : growbal.kuo@gmail.com ::: :::info >麗卿的我放在這[name=BluePumpkin] [醫學資訊概論-病例、病歷管理、電子病歷by 陳麗卿老師](/9Cu_ub_zQwOXJudYQaXlvQ) [醫學資訊概論-醫療資訊系統by 陳麗卿老師](/Uy1K3iIbQbSDfKYbSmQ0Gg) 下面有缺幾個重點沒抄到,有抄到的幫==補充==一下。 >[name=Aralia1112] ::: [TOC] ### 特殊用語 - ***fee-for-service 論量計酬*** - ***pay for performance 論質計酬*** - care 照護 - quality 品質 - information 資訊 - database 資料庫 - file 檔案 - document 文件 - online 線上 - compatible 相容 - CDSS 臨床決策支援系統 - HCO 醫療機構 - print 列印 ### 備註 - alert 警報 (例如:彈出視窗疲勞警報) - reminder 提醒 (例如:提醒檢查,強度較弱) - order set 醫囑系統 (例如:胰島素和打胰島素的針) ## 以病人為中心的照護(From patient care to patient centered) **collaborative**(協作) and **interdisciplinary**(跨學科) ### SDM(Shared Decision Making)(共享醫療決策) - 提供相關醫療健康資訊,使病人了解個人化的醫療建議、資訊。 - 合作、協調、跨領域、主動參與 | 傳統 | 現今 | |:----------------------:|:--------------------------------:| | 以醫師為中心 | 以病人為中心 | | 醫師單方面決定治療方式 | 尋找病人可負擔、可接受的治療方案 | :::spoiler 圖表 ![](https://i.imgur.com/lbaoJF3.png) ::: - 漸進式變革 - 專注於改善照護,技術是次要的 - 從增量努力中尋求增量收益 - 紀錄可用資料,以便將其用於照護、流程改進、研究等方面 - 針對人為還有組織因素進行設計 - 支援所有照護者的認知功能,包括衛生人員、患者及其家人 - 激進式變革 - 增強建築師資訊和工作流程系統,以適應破壞性變化 - 存檔數據以供後續重新解釋 - 尋求及開發能夠識別和消除無效工作流程的技術 - 尋求及開發能夠闡明數據背景的技術 :::spoiler 圖表 ![](https://i.imgur.com/qL4K7uR.png) ::: | 過程/資料| 獲得 | 整理 | 轉化 | 呈現 | |:---- | :------ | :----- | :---------- | :------------ | |領域|下載相關科學、臨床文學或<br>實踐指導方針|儲存資訊在電子<br>期刊或文件,<br>可搜索關鍵詞 | 連接相關文獻或<br>出版書籍,<br>並更新指導方針|顯示相關文獻或<br>指南回應查詢 | |中介| 掃描、下載或輸入<br>代理政策與程序 | 儲存資料在電子<br>目錄、文件和<br>資料庫 | 編輯和更新資訊<br>連接相關資料以回應<br>查詢、分析資訊 | 按要求顯示並分享<br>政策和程序以回應<br>查詢並生成管理報告 | | 病人 | 病人資料、診斷、<br>治療計畫和醫囑,治療目標和結果|移動病人資料成<br>電子紀錄或匯總<br>資料儲存庫|將單個病人的相關數據<br>與決策輔助系統結合<br>並統計多個病人的數據|顯示提醒、警報、<br>診斷或建議的治療<br>方法,以圖形化顯示<br>生命訊號及統計結果| - Transforming(e.g.**N**ature **L**anguage **P**rocess) 以下幾點僅供參考 - 促進病人照護,不是以科技為中心 - 持續累積成果 - 良好的使用者介面 - 不要做出較複雜的系統,要方便人使用 - 重新判讀 - 修改過程要記錄下來 - 去除無用的(多餘)過程 - 適當的科技 ### Information to support patient centered patient(支持以患者為中心的患者信息) - specific data - agency specific - domain specific (待補) ### Meaningful use of EHR(有意義地使用==EHR==) 1. 蒐集資料 2. 應用 3. 提高品質 ### Motivation for computer based CDS: 1. electronic medical records 2. 個人化醫療 3. (待補) --- ### 流程整合 - 與醫院資訊系統有關 - 新舊醫院與系統銜接整合問題 - legacy work process 流程的整合就是資訊系統的整合 :::spoiler New and Old care model compare chart ![](https://i.imgur.com/Mm9wzsR.png) ::: | 照護模式 | 舊照護模式 | 新照護模式 | |:------- |:-------- |:-------- | | 照護模式 | 有病再來看 | 幫你做預防(打預防針之類的 ) | | 誰提供照護 | 醫院 | 基層的醫療院所 | | 照顧的焦點 | 急性病、慢性病發病再來 | 我們的健康要做預防,小病的時候就要看 | | 誰做醫療決策 | 分散到各個專科 | 先到你的家庭醫生那邊看 | | 怎麼去判斷醫療體系<br>是做得很好的 | 醫院生意越好代表醫院越好 | 你個案管理的居民有多少人、<br>你確保那些居民沒有生大病(轉型為預防 ) | | 怎麼樣讓你的效果變好 | 醫生看越多病人代表效率越好 | 整體來看你的個案管理、預防管理有沒有做好 | | 醫院的整合如何控制 | 健保來控制 | 醫院內部自己調節 | | 質量 | 以賺的錢或看了多少病人 | 以病人的滿意度來決定 | | 醫生的角色 | 完全獨立決定 | 醫療團隊、根據醫療指引來做事情 | | 病人的角色 | 病人就乖乖聽醫生的 | 病人主動來參與自己的健康計畫 | --- ## 公共衛生資訊系統 - 以政府機關使用為主 - 主要目標在預防群體疾病,而不是治療。(預防勝於治療) - 跨領域 - 醫療 - 公衛 - 政治 - 文化 --- ## <ruby>Clinical Decision Support System<rp>(</rp><rt>臨床決策支援系統</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> - Arden Syntax - 是一個理想,背後的概念被普遍使用 - 但在台灣沒有人在使用 - 規則化(==rules==) - 條件化 : if--->than --- ### 其他 - rule-based 為古代的AI - decision analyze - 比較近似現在的AI - CDSS - 拿到適當的資訊,並給病人個人化的特定診斷 - visual 視覺化 - 例:報告有問題出現的紅字 - 敏感性高的檢查,放在疾病初期篩檢階段 特異性高的確認,不會造成誤判 - 電子病歷 - 一般性文字和醫學名詞(需要統一定義)一般病歷形式:free-text - 處理完的東西叫做結構化資料,可作為第一階段病人處理 - nlp 為人工智慧的領域之一 - interpretation of information - 判讀資訊 - 判讀完要發出alert --- ### 上課講義圖片區 (14.1.3.1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/sn06l9h.png) (14.1.3.2) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/KtLX6pV.png) (Table 14.1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/4xxcZdh.png) (Table 15.3)(1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/s2xAIH6.png) (Table 15.3)(2) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/YP3uKqb.png) (15.1.1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/z99cdyU.png) (15.1.6)(1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/YBKt716.png) (15.1.6)(2) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/KQcqXUg.png) (圖表) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/yjWoXwP.png) (15.1.6)(3) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/kVLIOvv.png) (16.3)(1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/ncUT7HJ.png) (16.3)(2) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/5zq66BX.png) (16.3)(3) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/MSrUXoN.png) (22.1)(1) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/S9U1ejN.png) (22.1)(2) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/Mamu5PD.png) (22.3.3) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/hx8JWMp.png) (22.5) ![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/DBSkCFv.png) ## 超級重點 老師的樂團 ==Rabees Band== ###### tags: `Biomedical Informatics` `110` `2021` <style> .navbar-brand::after { content: " × FJUMIIA"; } </style>

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