# Ethereum block limit The first crypto-currency Bitcion has limited a block size to 1-MB, and this is beacause if a block is too large it becomes expensive to store or sync with other nodes across the world or the blockchain. Ethereum doesn't place a block limit like Bitcion does, it just limits the total amount of computation on a single block since each computation has a gas cost. And the reason for this is, if a block has too much computation on it, it becomes difficult for nodes to verify the transactions quickly. So with a block limit set, if a transactions requires too much gas the transactions gets reverted. ## What is gas? Gas is a transaction unit that represents computational effort. It’s the fuel you must buy to get miners to add your transaction to a block. At the time of writting the block limit is 30 million (30,000,000) gas; An eth transfer cost 21 thousand (21,000) gas, so doing the math you'd see that a single block can hold just 1,428 transfers approximately. ### A few relating terms. - **Gas fee/price** is the amount of Ether (ETH) required for an Ethereum blockchain network user to conduct a transaction on the network. - **Gas fees** are used to compensate Ethereum miners for their work in verifying transactions and securing the network. - **Gas limit** is maximum amount a person is willing to pay for a transaction to complete. keep in mind that more complicated transactions involving smart contracts require more computational work, so they require a higher gas limit than a simple payment. - **Gwei**: A fractional unit of ETH — 1.0 ETH = 1,000,000,000 Gwei (1 Gwei = 1 billionth of eth). - **Transaction fee**: The fee associated with the completed transaction (gas used * gas price), which is then ollected by the miner who includes the transaction in a block. > A standard ETH transfer requires a gas limit of 21,000 units of gas. Need more info on gas, see [Ethereum docs](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/gas/) ## Implications There cannot be more than 1,428 transfers in one block, so if there are more people trying to make transfer, then this brings some form of competition in the play and rewarding anyone willing to pay more for their transaction to be added first; and this is why the gas price fluctuates. This also affects smart contracts, if your contract takes more that 30 million gas then it can't fit into a block so it'd be reverted. So always keep in mind when writing a contract that if you write expensive code, it doesn't just affect your users but the entire Ethereum network, because now they have to bid higher for their transactions to be added to a block in other words paying more gas. --- If you found this helpful, consider following me on Twitter [@0xosas](https://twitter.com/0xosas).
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An experimental minsweeper implementation

Well, this article is relating to my last article on tictactoe game and this is because of similar logic being used. A Minsweeper Game The objective of the game is to clear a board that contains hidden "mines" or "bombs" without detonating any of them, and they are randomly placed in a 9x9 grid (beginners level). On every right opeing there's a clue which indicate how many bombs are in the adjacent cells. At any point, you can perform 2 actions: Marking a cell - marking or flagging a cell that you think might be a bomb Revealing a cell - revealing the cell. If it is an empty cell, then all of the surrounding empty cells will also be revealed. Revealing a cell containing a bomb is game over.

8/17/2022
Why you should revert early

Ethereum transactions that revert still have to pay the gas used up until the revert was triggered; If they run out of gas they pay the full limit. If they hits a revert opcode, probably from a require statement as a result of maybe an integer overflow check, they'd pay the gas up until the revert opcode was hit. They don't pay for the gas afterwards. The implication is we should revert as early as possible in the execution to save the users gas incase a transaction reverts. Here are two (2) example contracts: // DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION // USED FOR EXPLANATION ONLY contract Example1 { uint256 public a;

8/4/2022
Optimized tic-tac-toe game in Solidity

Building on Ethereum can be expensive, and many times it intuitive to gain control over your code and one way to achieve this is by utilzing bit operations. Many developers use it as a means of optimization, expecially in the case of ethereum when you code now cost you money. Here I'd be explaining a program I wrote not long ago, just so you'd gain an understanding of a simple use case of bit operations. Also, I assume you understand how to work with bitwise operators, and if you don't check out my article on how they work here. What is Tic-tac-toe Tic-tac-toe is a 2 player game where players take turns to make a finite amount of moves until either all moves has been exhausted (its a draw) or a player has won. Here is a typical tic-tac-toe game. # an empty game # game where play x won

8/3/2022
Bit Operations

This is an introduction to using bitwise operators and you'd learn how to do magical stuffs with them. So basically bit operations are used to manipulate bits (binary numbers) and here are the signs used: Bitwise AND & A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two bits and performs the logical AND operation on them. If the bits compared are 1, then bit in the resulting binary representation is 1 (1 & 1 = 1); otherwise, the result is 0 (1 & 0 = 0 and 0 & 0 = 0) source. Here is a typical example: A B A & B

7/27/2022
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