kauhiant
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    3
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # C++ thread ###### tags: `cpp` 要在C++使用thread,要記得加編譯器參數 `-std=c++11 -pthread` ## 參考 [thispointer.com](https://thispointer.com/c11-multithreading-tutorial-series/) [cplusplus.com](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/multithreading/) [cppreference.com](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread) [jyt0532 multithread](https://www.jyt0532.com/2016/12/23/c++-multi-thread-p1/) 以下都是std::的,不是boost:: --- ## thread 就像一個指向執行緒的指標,在建構時就會順便建構該執行緒,可以用該指標間接控制該執行緒,若detach()該執行緒也只是無法繼續控制該執行緒,該執行緒還會繼續存在,但和指標不一樣的是,new出來的物件如果沒有delete就會一直存在,而創造出來的執行緒只要執行完畢就會自動消失。 > 上面說的指標只是一個概念 ```cpp // 建立一個執行緒,此執行緒會執行 Fn(Args...) // 如果要傳參考的話需要加ref() thread(Fn, Args...) // 主執行緒會在此一直等待,直到此執行緒執行完 join() // 檢查此執行緒是否可以 join (是否還和主執行緒連接) joinable() // 把此執行緒和主執行緒的連接切斷 detach() // 如果此執行緒存在,會返回唯一的識別碼 // 回傳型態為 thread::id get_id() ``` > 創造者(主執行緒)和被創造者(此執行緒)的關係就像function call一樣,被創造者執行完會回到創造者的執行緒,但是可以detach讓被創造者獨立出去。 --- 使用範例 ```cpp // 此執行緒(thr)會執行一個跑n次的迴圈,n=100 auto thr = thread([](int n){ for(int i=0; i<n; ++i); }, 100); // 切斷連結 thr.detach(); // 因為thr已經和主執行緒分開了,所以回傳false if(thr.joinable()) thr.join(); ``` > 主執行緒 : 呼叫 thread() 的執行緒 > 此執行緒 : thread() 建構出的執行緒 --- ### this_thread:: ```cpp // 回傳此執行緒的唯一識別碼 get_id() // 暫時中斷此執行緒,讓他去外面排隊等著再次被執行 yield() // 暫時中斷此執行緒,讓他去外面等一段時間再去排隊等著被執行 sleep_for(chrono::duration<>) // 暫時中斷此執行緒,讓他去外面等到某個時間點再去排隊等著被執行 sleep_until(chrono::time_point<>) ``` > CPU同時能跑的執行緒是有上限的,如果你創造很多條執行緒,實際上只會有幾條再跑,其他的都在排隊等著被執行,但執行緒可能執行一段時間就會自動yield出去換別人跑(分時多工),並不會等先到的執行緒整個結束才讓後面的執行。 --- #### chrono::duration duration<>可以用這些定義的型別取代,比較直覺 ```cpp std::chrono::nanoseconds() std::chrono::microseconds() std::chrono::milliseconds() std::chrono::seconds() std::chrono::minutes() std::chrono::hours() ``` --- 使用範例 ```cpp // main cout << "this thread is " << this_thread::get_id() << endl; for (const char c : "Hello world"){ cout << c; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(1)); } ``` > 先印出主執行緒的id,在每隔一秒輸出一個字。 --- ### call_once 如果有多個執行緒一起執行一個function,但只想讓這個function被執行一次,可以用call_once()。 `std::call_once(once_flag, Fn, Args...)` - once_flag : 用來判斷是否已被執行,所以需要共用同一個flag - Fn(Args...) : 與一般thread呼叫方式一樣 範例 ```cpp void test(){ cout << "once"; } void tester(){ static once_flag f; call_once(f, test); // 由他呼叫的test()只會被執行一次 } int main() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i){ thread(tester).detach(); } return 0; } ``` > call_once執行時,會先判斷flag,如果還沒執行過就設定flag並執行,原理就像macro的引入保護一樣。 --- ### ! race condition ! 因為執行緒會共用資料,所以可能發生同一份資料同時被多條執行緒寫入,結果有可能會和預想的不一樣,要解決這個問題就要用到lock。 --- ## lock C++11的lock有分為: - 基本型(較不安全): - mutex - timed_mutex - recursive_mutex - recursive_timed_mutex - 包裝型(把基本型包起來使用,解構時會自動解鎖,較安全): - lock_guard<> - unique_lock<> --- ### mutex ```cpp // 互斥鎖鎖定,當其他執行緒也執行到該互斥鎖的lock()時,會等待直到該互斥鎖unlock() lock() // 解除鎖定 unlock() // 若該互斥鎖被鎖定,會回傳false並繼續執行,沒被鎖定就回傳true繼續執行,最好搭配if使用 try_lock() ``` > 當一執行緒成功lock(),取得該mutex所有權,則只有該執行緒能對該mutex進行unlock()。 --- 範例一 lock ```cpp void test(){ static mutex m; m.lock(); // maybe waiting /* * atomic section */ m.unlock(); /* * maybe occur race condition */ } ``` --- 範例二 try_lock ```cpp void test(){ static mutex m; if(m.try_lock()){ // no waiting /* * atomic section */ m.unlock(); } /* * maybe occur data condition */ } ``` --- ### special mutex 除了基本的mutex,還有幾個特殊功能的mutex - `timed_mutex` 比基本mutex多了兩個時間功能。 - `try_lock_for(chrono::duration<>)` - 在一段時間內會一直try_lock(阻塞一段時間),時間內成功lock回傳true並繼續,超時還沒lock回傳false並繼續。 - `try_lock_until(chrono::time_point<>)` - 同上,但會一直持續到指定的時間點。 - `recursive_mutex` 可用在遞迴的mutex。 - 最好搭配unique_lock使用,不要自行呼叫unlock() - `recursive_timed_mutex` 結合以上兩種mutex --- ### *C++14 up : SharedMutex* 為了更方便的製作讀寫鎖,而多了可以共用所有權的mutex - `shared_timed_mutex` (C++14) - `shared_mutex` (C++17) 他們的使用方式分成兩種級別,unique、shared - unique : lock後,只有自己擁有所有權 - lock() - try_lock() - unlock() - shared : lock後,其他人只能用shared方式取得所有權,但所有權會共享 - lock_shared() - try_lock_shared() - unlock_shared() --- ### lock_guard mutex::lock() 有一個問題是**若還沒執行 unlock() 就發生例外跳出去,導致沒人執行 unlock() ,導致一直都是 lock 狀態**。 解決這個問題的就是 lock_guard,原理是當發生例外往外跳時,因為離開scope,所以會解構在這個scope內創造的東西。 ```cpp mutex m; { lock_guard<mutex> lg(m); // 建構子會執行m.lock() /* * atomic */ } // 解構子會執行m.unlock() ``` --- ### unique_lock lock_guard 保護的範圍是整個 scope ,如果要縮小範圍的話,就用 unique_lock 解決。 和 lock_guard一樣有保護功能,還能使用mutex的功能。 他就像一個指向mutex的智慧指標,需要指向一個mutex,可以使用該mutex的功能,也可用release取消指向該mutex,還會自動使用unlock。 除了可使用mutex的功能以外,還有以下功能 ```cpp owns_lock() // 是否擁有該mutex的所有權 release() // 釋放所指向的mutex,並回傳指向他的指標 mutex() // 回傳指向mutex的指標,但不釋放 ``` --- ### constructor flag unique_lock<>還有另外三種建構模式 ```cpp // 可用在 unique_lock的建構子上 // 在建構時執行try_lock() std::try_to_lock // 可用在 unique_lock的建構子上 // 在建構時"先"不執行lock() std::defer_lock // 可用在 unique_lock、lock_guard的建構子上 // 假設在建構前,已經把mutex lock住了 // 所以在建構時"不會再"執行lock(),之後也不會執行lock() std::adopt_lock ``` --- 範例 ```cpp mutex m; { unique_lock<mutex> ul(m, try_to_lock); // 建構子會執行m.try_lock() if(ul.owns_lock()){ /* * atomic section. */ ul.unlock(); } /* * may occur race condition. */ } // 若還沒unlock()會執行unlock() ``` --- ### *C++14 up : shared_lock<>* 可以使用指向ShareMutex,並用shared方式使用他,配合unipue_lock<>可實作讀寫鎖。 ```cpp shared_mutex m; void read(){ shared_lock<share_mutex> lock(m); // 同時擁多個執行緒擁有所有權 } void write(){ unique_lock<shared_mutex> lock(m); // 同時只有一個執行緒擁有所有權 } ``` --- ### ! dead lock ! 當有一執行緒tA 占用資源rA 並等待資源rB 另有一執行緒tB 占用資源rB 並等待資源rA 雙方都沒辦法執行,沒執行完就不會釋放自己的資源,於是一直互相等待。 當這情況發生時,就只能結束整個程式,所以要盡量避免。 --- ### multiple lock 為解決這個問題,有以下兩個function,可以一次拿到所有需要的資源。 不過當你要求的資源太多,可能一直沒機會全部拿到,然後就一直等待到所有人都執行結束釋放資源。 ```cpp std::lock(mutex1, mutex2, ...) std::try_lock(mutex1, mutex2, ...) // 這裡參數的mutex可以是一般的mutex或各種特殊功能的mutex,像lock_guard、unique_lock... ``` --- ### *C++17 up : scoped_lock* 如上述multiple lock,在C++17以後可以使用scoped_lock,有同樣的效果,並且和lock_guard<>一樣,會自動unlock。 ```cpp scoped_lock lock(mutex1, mutex2, ...) scoped_lock lock(adopt_lock, mutex1, mutex2, ...) ``` --- ## condition_variable 若要讓一個thread準備好資料後通知另一個thread使用,可以用condition_variable 可以依照條件從當前的thread跳出到 condition_variable 內部的一個 queue等待,之後需要時再喚醒他,這樣就不用浪費一個thread一直等待。 --- ### wait() ```cpp // 會跳出當前執行緒 // 並把此執行緒加入condition_varible內部的queue // 再把該互斥鎖unlock() wait(unique_lock<mutex>) // 若f回傳false: 繼續wait // 若f回傳true: 不會做事,繼續執行 wait(unique_lock<mutex>, function<bool()>f) ``` --- ### notify ```cpp // 喚醒queue內第一個執行緒繼續執行 notify_one() // 喚醒queue內所有執行緒繼續執行 notify_all() ``` --- 範例 ```cpp condition_variable cv; mutex m; bool ready = false; void output_data(string* message){ unique_lock<mutex> ul(m); while(!ready) cv.wait(ul); cout << message->c_str() << endl; } void prepare_data(string* message){ cout << "prepare message ...\n"; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(5)); *message = "hello world"; ready = true; cout << "message ready, continue thread.\n"; cv.notify_one(); } // main string message; thread(prepare_data, &message).detach(); thread(output_data, &message).detach(); ``` --- ### condition_variable_any condition_variable<>只能使用unique_lock<>,而多了any就是可以使用任何lockable的東西。 --- ## future 若要讓一個thread準備好資料後通知另一個thread使用,也可以用future和promise。 ```cpp // promise<dataType> get_future() // 回傳一個與之對應的future物件 set_value() // 設定共用資料,並通知future物件繼續執行 // future<dataType> get() // 會等待直到promise設定好資料,並回傳該資料 wait()// 會等待直到promise設定好資料,但不會回傳該資料 wait_for(chrono::duration) // 會等待一段時間 // 若在時間內得到資料 回傳future_status::ready 並結束等待 // 時間超過了還沒拿到資料 回傳future_status::timeout 並結束等待 ``` --- 範例 ```cpp void output_data(future<string>& message){ cout << message.get().c_str() << endl; } void prepare_data(promise<string>& message){ cout << "prepare message ..."; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(5)); message.set_value("hello world"); cout << "message ready, continue thread. \n"; } // main promise<string> message; future<string> futureObj = message.get_future(); thread(prepare_data, ref(message)).detach(); thread(output_data, ref(futureObj)).detach(); ``` --- ### async() 建立一個有回傳值的thread,將它的回傳值保存再future物件中,需要時再拿出來。 ```cpp future<T> async(launch_policy, function, args...) // 創造一個thread執行function(args...) // 當function執行完,回傳值會被的future接收 // launch_policy有兩種 // launch::async 馬上執行function // launch::deferred 先不執行function,在future::get時才會執行 // 如果不指定launch_policy,系統會自動選擇 ``` --- 範例 ```cpp string prepareMessage(){ this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(3)); return "Hello world"; } // main future<string> message = async(prepareMessage); /* * do something ... */ cout << message.get(); ``` > 如果function還沒執行完就要get他的值,那會等待他執行完。(阻塞) --- ### packaged_task<> 可以算是async()的底層,把function和promise包成一個物件,此物件可像function object一樣使用,若要get回傳值一定要等到function執行完,不然會一直阻塞,可用move()傳給thread()來達成async()的功能。 ```cpp packaged_task<returnType(Args...)>(function) // 建構式和function class差不多 // 也像function一樣可以用()運算子 .get_future() // 跟promise一樣,回傳一個future<returnType>物件 ``` --- 範例一(單執行緒) ```cpp string prepareMessage(){ this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(3)); cout << "prepare complete\n"; return "Hello world"; } // main packaged_task<string()> task(prepareMessage); auto result = task.get_future(); task(); cout << result.get().c_str(); ``` --- 範例二(多執行緒) ```cpp string prepareMessage(){ this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(3)); cout << "prepare complete\n"; return "Hello world"; } // main packaged_task<string()> task(prepareMessage); auto result = task.get_future(); thread(move(task)).detach(); /* * 可以做其他事,不用一直等 */ cout << result.get().c_str(); ``` --- # multi thread programs ## 1 100個資料,101人同時要求資源 比較有lock沒lock的差別 > 共有4種要求資料方式,每按一次 Enter 換下一個,4個後重複。 > 會輸出每種方式所花的時間、更改後的資料。 --- ### include ```cpp= // stdafx.h #include "targetver.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <iostream> #include <array> #include <thread> #include <mutex> #include <ctime> #include <functional> ``` --- ### Data ```cpp= class Data{ static int delayTime; // 增加 data race 的機率. mutex m; int val; public: Data(int val=0) :val(val){} int Get(){ return val; } void Reset(){ val = 0; } void Increase(int v=1){ // non atomic int tmp = val; for (int i = 0; i < delayTime; ++i); // delay tmp += v; val = tmp; } void IncreaseWithLock(int v=1){ unique_lock<mutex> lock(m); int tmp = val; for (int i = 0; i < delayTime; ++i); // delay tmp += v; val = tmp; } }; int Data::delayTime = 50000; ``` --- ### Tester ```cpp= struct Tester{ array<Data, 100> data; array<thread, 101> people; clock_t clockTime; // to account consume time typedef function<void(array<Data, 100>&)> Fn; void test(const char* message, Fn action){ cout << message << endl; ResetData(); clockTime = clock(); for (auto&& th : people){ th = thread(action, ref(data)); } for (auto&& th : people){ th.join(); } cout << "clock:" << clock() - clockTime << endl; OutputData(); cin.get(); } void ResetData(){ for (auto& e : data) e.Reset(); } void OutputData(){ for (auto& e : data) cout << e.Get() << " "; } }; ``` --- ### functions ```cpp= void requireDataWithLock(array<Data, 100>& data){ static mutex m; unique_lock<mutex> lock(m); for (auto&& e : data){ e.Increase(); } } void requireDataWithoutLock(array<Data, 100>& data){ for (auto&& e : data){ e.Increase(); } } void requireAtomicDataWithLock(array<Data, 100>& data){ static mutex m; unique_lock<mutex> lock(m); for (auto&& e : data){ e.IncreaseWithLock(); } } void requireAtomicDataWithoutLock(array<Data, 100>& data){ for (auto&& e : data){ e.IncreaseWithLock(); } } ``` --- ### main ```cpp= int main(){ Tester tester; while (true){ tester.test("Require Data With Lock", requireDataWithLock); tester.test("Require Data Without Lock", requireDataWithoutLock); tester.test("Require Atomic Data With Lock", requireAtomicDataWithLock); tester.test("Require Atomic Data Without Lock", requireAtomicDataWithoutLock); } return 0; } ``` --- ## 2 10個攤位,每個攤位都有一個服務客人的時間,一次服務一個客人 多組客人去吃飯,每個客人都有不同的等待耐心當耐心耗完時就會離開不繼續排隊 固定時間會增加客人去排隊 印出每個客人的等待時間, 與是否離開等待 > 這是單執行緒程式,用來模擬多執行緒發生的事 > 因為是一步一步執行的,可以看到每一步發生什麼事 > 按 Enter 下一步 --- ### include ```cpp= // stdafx.h #include "targetver.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <iostream> #include <array> #include <list> #include <memory> ``` --- ### Client ```cpp= class Client{ static int count; static int minPatience; static int rangePatience; int waitTime; bool waiting; public: const int id; const int patienceTime; Client(int patienceTime) :patienceTime(patienceTime), id(count++), waitTime(0), waiting(true){ cout << "client[" << id << "] join , patience : " << patienceTime << endl; } Client() :Client(rand() % rangePatience + minPatience){} void Clock(){ if (waiting) ++waitTime; } void BeServe(int storeId){ waiting = false; cout << "client[" << id << "] be served by store [" << storeId << "], wait for : " << waitTime << endl; } void NoPatienceExit(){ cout << "client[" << id << "], no patience exit, wait for : " << waitTime << endl; } bool IsNoPatience()const{ return waitTime == patienceTime; } }; int Client::count = 0; int Client::minPatience = 3; int Client::rangePatience = 2; ``` --- ### Store ```cpp= class Store{ static int count; static int minServiceTime; static int rangeServiceTime; unique_ptr<Client> client; int passTime; public: const int id; const int serviceTime; Store(int serviceTime) :serviceTime(serviceTime), id(count++), client(nullptr), passTime(0){ cout << "store [" << id << "]: service time : " << serviceTime << endl; } Store() :Store(rand() % rangeServiceTime + minServiceTime){} void Clock(){ if (client) ++passTime; } void Serve(unique_ptr<Client>&& client){ client->BeServe(id); this->client = move(client); passTime = 0; } void Pop(){ if (client){ cout << "store[" << id << "] service finish, client[" << client->id << "] exit" << endl; client.release(); } } bool IsFinish()const{ return passTime == serviceTime; } bool IsEmpty()const{ return !(bool)(client); } }; int Store::count = 0; int Store::minServiceTime = 30; int Store::rangeServiceTime = 20; ``` --- ### main (scheduler) ```cpp= int main() { array<Store, 10> stores; list< unique_ptr<Client> > clients; const int addTime = 2; int passTime = 0; while (true){ // add client if (passTime%addTime == 0){ clients.push_back(make_unique<Client>()); } // store clock for (auto& store : stores) { if (store.IsFinish()) store.Pop(); if (store.IsEmpty() && !clients.empty()){ store.Serve(move(clients.front())); clients.pop_front(); } store.Clock(); } // client clock for (auto it = clients.begin(); it != clients.end(); ++it) { unique_ptr<Client>& client = *it; client->Clock(); if (client->IsNoPatience()){ client->NoPatienceExit(); it = clients.erase(it); } } ++passTime; cout << "--Clock-- "<<passTime; cin.get(); } return 0; } ``` --- ## 3 哲學家用餐問題 把Philosopher::Action裡的 TryToEat() 改成 TryToEat_MultipleLock() 就可解決 deadlock Philosopher::delay 越大越容易發生deadlock --- ### include ```cpp= // stdafx.h #include "targetver.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include <ctime> #include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <mutex> #include <chrono> #include <vector> ``` --- ### Philosopher ```cpp= class Philosopher{ enum Status{think, hungry, eat}; static int count; static int delay; static int minEatTime; static int minThinkTime; static int rangeEatTime; static int rangeThinkTime; mutex& leftFork; mutex& rightFork; Status status; int forkNum; public: const int id; Philosopher(mutex& left, mutex& right) :id(count++), leftFork(left), rightFork(right), status(Status::think), forkNum(0) { thread(&Philosopher::Action,this).detach(); } void ShowStatus(){ cout << "Philosopher[" << id << "] : " << StatusStr() << "\thas forks : " << forkNum << endl; } private: void Action(){ while (true){ Think(); TryToEat(); forkNum = 0; } } void TryToEat(){ // may occur deadlock status = Status::hungry; unique_lock<mutex> l_fork(leftFork); ++forkNum; for (int i = 0; i < delay; ++i); // 增加發生機率. unique_lock<mutex> r_fork(rightFork); ++forkNum; status = Status::eat; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(rand() % rangeEatTime + minEatTime)); cout << "eat finish" << endl; } void TryToEat_multipleLock(){ // can solve deadlock status = Status::hungry; unique_lock<mutex> l_fork(leftFork, std::defer_lock); unique_lock<mutex> r_fork(rightFork, std::defer_lock); lock(l_fork, r_fork); forkNum = 2; status = Status::eat; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(rand() % rangeEatTime + minEatTime)); cout << "eat finish" << endl; } void Think(){ status = Status::think; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(rand() % rangeThinkTime + minThinkTime)); } const char* StatusStr(){ switch (status) { case Philosopher::think: return "think"; case Philosopher::hungry: return "hungry"; case Philosopher::eat: return "eat"; default: break; } } }; int Philosopher::count = 0; int Philosopher::delay = 200000; int Philosopher::minEatTime = 1000; int Philosopher::minThinkTime = 10000; int Philosopher::rangeEatTime = 4000; int Philosopher::rangeThinkTime = 2000; ``` --- ### Table ```cpp= class Table{ vector<mutex> forks; vector<Philosopher> philosophers; public: Table(int number):forks(number){ philosophers.reserve(number); for (int i = 0; i < number-1; ++i){ philosophers.emplace_back(forks[i], forks[i + 1]); } philosophers.emplace_back(forks[number-1], forks[0]); } void Action(){ while (true){ for (auto&& p : philosophers){ p.ShowStatus(); } system("cls"); } } }; ``` --- ### main ```cpp= int main() { srand(time(nullptr)); Table table(8); table.Action(); return 0; } ``` ---

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully