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###### tags: `JS 直播班 - 2021 秋季班` # 何謂表達式(Expression)與陳述式(Statement)? ## JavaScript 怎麼理解我們輸入的東西? 就跟我們的對話一樣,透過「單詞」拼湊出來「一句話」,這樣我們就可以知道對方想要表達的事情是什麼。 而 JavaScript 則是分析你寫的程式碼是「表達式」還是「陳述式」,來知道你想要做的事情是什麼。 ### 用中文對話來理解 #### 表達式範例 ``` 小明: 你今年幾歲? 小華: 12 歲 ``` 「你今年幾歲」、「你的生日幾月幾號」、「你知道桌上有幾個東西嗎?」這種一定有**答案**的句子,我們可以說這是**表達式**。 #### 陳述式範例 ``` 小美: 你像一隻貓咪,我猜不透你! 小華: (已讀不回) ``` 「你是貓咪」、「你很累的樣子」、「你如果看到西瓜」這種**描述**的句子,我們可以說這是**陳述式**。 #### 日常對話 ``` 媽媽: 你去幫我買西瓜,如果看到西瓜,就買三個西瓜,沒有的話,就買三個雞蛋 小華: 好! ``` 在日常對話中,會出現「表達式」跟「陳述式」混用的情形,寫程式也是一樣會有混用的情形。 ## JavaScript 是哪些東西構成表達式與陳述式? **表達式**有哪些「形式」?[詳細可以看這](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * 值 * 賦予值 * 各種運算子(算術運算子、相等運算子、關係運算子、邏輯運算子、三元運算子) * 呼叫函式 **陳述式**有哪些「形式」?[詳細可以看這](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * 宣告(var, function) * 流程控制(Block, if else, switch) * 迴圈(for, for...in) * 其他(import, export) ### 差異 表達式:在JS中描述結果的語法,比如說**運算結果**、或是**給變數賦予值**。 陳述式:在JS中描述一件事情的語法,比如說**流程控制**、**宣告一個變數**。 ### 試試看 ```javascript= 1 + 1; // 1 + 1有運算結果,所以是表達式。 var a = 1; // var a = 1 陳述式與表達式都有。 // var a 是宣告一個變數a,是描述一件事,所以是陳述式。 // a = 1 是給a賦予1這個值,是描述一個結果,所以是表達式。 if(isRainning === true) { withUmbrella(); } // isRainning === true 有一個判斷的結果,所以是表達式 // if(){} 是在說,如果成立就做甚麼...所以是陳述式 // withUmbrella() 是表達式,因為執行一個function會回傳結果,所以是表達式 ``` ## 參考 [JavaScript 表達式觀念及運用 - JS Expression | 卡斯伯 Blog - 前端,沒有極限](https://wcc723.github.io/development/2020/09/17/js-expression/) [運算式與運算子 - JavaScript | MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) [陳述式與宣告 - JavaScript | MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements)

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