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    # 給工程師的PM工作流 / 曾馨儀 (A5HL3Y) {%hackmd @ModernWeb/SyA2U6SmT %} > 共筆請從這開始 ## 認識商業邏輯的爸爸:商業價值 目的:找到專案最佳施力點 :::spoiler define 專案 :::success 有明確開始跟結束時間 產出一個獨特的成果或達成特定目標 ::: 以旅遊為例 分為四個階段 1. 起心動念 2. 商業價值發生 3. 專案範疇與限制 4. 商業邏輯 ### 起心動念 每個專案都有高階需求 -> 從願景的層次看待自己正在做的事情 #### 專案章程 每個專案都會有的東西,看不到可以口頭問出來 - 目標目的 - 高階需求 - 關鍵利害人需求 - 正式授權 ### 商業價值產生 **計畫**是為了要**因應變化** 當每個去的景點都滿足旅遊的目標,就可以滿足商業價值 ### 專案範疇跟限制 1. 蒐集需求 - 找到背後原因對應其商業價值 2. 定義範疇 - 定義限制 = 什麼狀況下say no - 定義好給過的指標 = 允收準則 3. 建立工作分解(分工)結構 WBS - 再去找資源、籌預算、排時程、估風險 ### 商業邏輯 主動蒐集到的資訊,可以幫我們提出準確的解法 ### 持續改進 Lessons Learned參考架構 - Keep - Stop - Thanks - Share - Learn ## 從流程看專案 上帝視角:用俯瞰的方式在組織中釐清每個人的角色 > 個人解讀:羅列各種不同角色的工作以釐清責任 知道哪些粒度可以自由發揮,有問題要找誰 ## 組織結構型態 功能式、矩陣式、專案式 專案阻力大(弱)<---->(強)升遷管道窄 專案經理掌控力(弱)<---->(強) 可以由以下幾點窺測是哪種型態 - 誰權限較大 - 專案經理是否全職 - 資源由誰管理 ### 團隊決策 團隊內的共同決策制度是為了集思廣益找到最佳解 決策制定的準則為團隊成員賦能,帶來團隊能動性 團隊章程 * 成員名單 * 個人目標 * 共同目標 * 決策制定準則 * 衝突解決過程 ## 當工程師遇上PMP 將 PMP 嚴謹的態度融入開發的工作流程 人 過程 商業環境 推書:[PMBOK GUIDE](https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/foundational/pmbok) 決策優先序 * 內部解決問題 * Trade off 錢或時間 * 向上呈報 **有原則**這件事情在職場上是會被 respect 的 管理和領導其實是不一樣的技能 ## PM工具箱 1. 甘特圖:精準集中火力的地圖 看懂要徑(Critical Path)與辨識總浮時 2. WBS > WBSD > 活動清單 大事化小,小事化更小 3. RACI 責任指派矩陣 R - Responsible 責任人:負責執行工作的人員。 A - Accountable 專案責任人:對工作成果負最終責任的人,通常是項目經理。 C - Consulted 諮詢人員:提供意見和建議的人員。 I - Informed 知會人員:需要知悉工作執行情況和結果的相關人員。 ## T型人才 : 工程師了解專案管理後可以達成更好的溝通 ### 十大知識領域拆解 #### 利害關係人 找到關鍵利害關係人 權力:保持滿意 > 監視 | Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 高 | 保持滿意 | 密切監控?? | | 低 | 監測 | 保持聯繫 | | 權力/關注 | 低 | 高 | CD表 - 利害關係人參與分析矩陣 為每個利害關係人量身定做專屬的管理策略,確保專案成功 #### 範疇 需求追朔矩陣圖 | ID | 來源 | 需求說明 | 對應專案目標 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | ?? | Text | Text | Text | | ?? | Text | Text | Text | 需求變幻莫測,寫下來才有證據爭取合理時程 > 留下證據 #### 時程 - 類比估算法 - 參數估算法 - 三點估算法 - 由下而上估算法 #### 資源 - 實體資源 physical - 團隊資源 ##### 團隊發展五階段 獲得資源 發展團隊 管理團隊 組建>風暴>正軌>風采>解散 > 組建(Forming): 團隊剛剛組建,成員間彼此不瞭解,尚未建立信任,團隊規範和角色還不明確。 > 風暴(Storming): 團隊成員之間出現衝突和爭論,圍繞目標和操作方式無法達成一致。 > 正軌(Norming): 團隊開始建立規範和角色,成員之間形成信任和合作,衝突減少,開始有共同目標。 > 風采(Performing): 團隊具高度團結和信任,成員可以高效合作,集中精力達成共同目標。 > 解散(Adjourning): 項目結束時,團隊解散,成員離開團隊,團隊生命週期結束。 ![](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*iANfykbqV7mHHoB_KfS_wA.jpeg) [圖片來源](https://medium.com/moodwide/%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E8%99%95%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5-%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A%E4%BA%94%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%B8%B6%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9B%A4%E9%BB%9E%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80-%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95-%E4%B8%8A-%E7%B8%BD%E8%A6%BD-43315a227497) 階段不一定是順向進行 新的成員加入也會讓團隊回到組建階段 #### 成本 管理層的考量,工程師是專案的成本。 準確地來說,工程師是專案的資源,而這個資源是透過付出成本來取得的。 時程和成本太抽象 實獲值 = 計畫支出 x 完成百分比 #### 品質 內驗外確 - 可交付成果 - 品質指標 #### 溝通 資訊的發布與管理 - 推式 - 拉式 - 互動式 (視訊會議) 什麼樣的資訊,用什麼方式來發布,會是最好的效果 #### 風險 & 議題 花錢消災 好事也要預判 - 減少沒想到會發生的事情 #### 採購 SOW工作說明書 #### 整合 * 寫管理計畫書 * 辨識利害關係人 * 可能升遷、離開 * 監視與管理專案 * 進行整合變更管制 * 定義好變更的流程,進行流程 * 管理專案知識 * 結束專案 --- > 討論區 弱弱問一下,甚麼是 WBS 呀? > work breakdown structure 像他舉例的拆細工作項 > 感恩讚嘆 讚!簡報會給大家 > 立馬不拍照了 > 而且他簡報作好漂亮 (+1) > 謝謝誇獎RRR~簡報檔有給主辦單位了後面應該會發布! > [這邊有線上版可以先看](https://app.pitch.com/app/presentation/b663912e-bdd9-45c1-855a-cd499b9f153f/fb88783a-dbb1-4049-8bda-df99537fb5d7) 簡單明瞭 **原則很重要**對每個人都是不只PM > 不覺得有原則的 PM 很容易變成很難搞的人 風采到底是啥? > 產品備受市場認可吧 XD 講推拉還以為是在說Queue

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