Hsieh Ya Chu
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    # Javascript - NaN(Not a Number) ## 什麼是 NaN NaN(Not a Number) 顧名思義就是非數字 - NaN 的型別是 Number: `typeof NaN // Number` - `NaN` 不等於任何值,也不等於自己`NaN === NaN // false` ```javascript typeof NaN // number NaN === NaN // false ``` :::info 備註:在 [IEEE 754 的規範中](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/IEEE_754)就有定義如果**判斷式遇到 `NaN` 就要回傳 `false`** ::: ## 在什麼情況下會出現 NaN 會出現 `NaN` 的情境: - 運算元無法被轉為 Number - 0 除以 0 - 負數的平方根 - 對 `Infinity` 做「除法」或「減法」運算:因為 `Infinity` 本身為大到無法表示的值,因此針對 `Infinity` 做加減乘除是沒有意義的 - `Inifinity + Infinity` => 回傳 Infinity - `Inifinity - Infinity` => 回傳 NaN - `Inifinity * Infinity` => 回傳 Infinity - `Inifinity / Infinity` => 回傳 NaN - 運算元為 `NaN` ```javascript // 運算元無法被轉為 Number Number('hello') // NaN Number(undefined) // NaN 5 + undefined // NaN // 0 除以 0 0/0 // NaN // 負數的平方根 Math.sqrt(-3) // NaN // 對 Infinity 做除法或減法運算 Infinity / Infinity // NaN Infinity - Infinity // NaN // 運算元為 NaN NaN + 1 // NaN NaN - 2 // NaN NaN * 3 // NaN NaN / 4 // NaN ``` ## 如何偵測變數中的資料是 NaN 透過以下兩種方法來偵測資料是否為 NaN: ### 1. [Number.isNaN()](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/isNaN) ```javascript Number.isNaN(value) ``` 當 value 為 NaN、String 或 Object 時,會回傳 true。 #### `Number.isNaN` vs. global `isNaN` > [29.1](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript#standard-library--isnan) Use `Number.isNaN` instead of global `isNaN` @ airbnb [validate number](https://github.com/Chalarangelo/30-seconds-of-code#validatenumber) @ 30 seconds of code 使用 `isNaN` 一開始會做 `Number()` 的數值轉換,假如遇到的是**空字串**或 **Boolean** 很可能會因為先做數值轉換的關係產生非預期的最終結果。 因此建議使用 `Number.isNaN()` (不會進行 `Number()` 的數值轉換)的方式來進行判斷。 ```javascript // bad isNaN('1.2'); // false,Number('1.2') 轉換成數字 1.2 isNaN('1.2.3'); // true,Number('1.2.2') 無法轉換,回傳 NaN // good Number.isNaN('1.2.3'); // false Number.isNaN(Number('1.2.3')); // true ``` ### 2. 利用 NaN 不等於任何值(包括本身)的特性 一般正常的變數自己等於自己一定會是 true,只有 `NaN === NaN` 會是 false。 也就是說,當一個變數自己等於自己是 false 的話,就可以推斷這個變數一定是 NaN 。 ```javascript if(x!==x){ } // 只有在 x 為 NaN 時,結果才為 true ``` ## Ref - [NaN & Infinity](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10203356) - [JavaScript 有趣的冷知識 :神奇的 NaN](https://medium.com/andy-blog/javascript-%E6%9C%89%E8%B6%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B7%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98-%E4%B8%80-%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%87%E7%9A%84-nan-eefe0fc5510f)

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