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    # ABC 記譜法(Markdown 使用)及相關樂理整理 先看一下基本形式 ``` ```abc X:1(樂譜序號) T:這裡打標題 C:作詞作曲打在這兒 M:節拍(預設是 4/4) Q:速度 L:音符時值(預設是 1/8) K:調號 |(小節線,開始打樂譜) ``` ``` 因為還是以 Markdown 形式介紹為主,所以示範裡都還是有加上` ```abc `跟` ``` `,不過 ABC 記譜法本身只有這兩行中間夾著的東西噢! [TOC] ## 音符 Notes 使用的是音名,也就是 | 音名 | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | |唱名| Do | Re | Mi | Fa | Sol | La | Si| 大寫 C 是中央 Do (c^1^),小寫 c 是高八度的 Do (c^2^),其他音符同理。 另外,後面加 =='== 就是高一個八度,加 ==,== 就是低一個八度。比如說 <span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`A'`</span> 就是高八度的 La (a^2^); <span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`G''`</span> 是高兩個八度的 Sol (g^3^); <span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`c,`</span> 會是中央 Do,也就是等於 C; <span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`B,,`</span> 會是低兩個八度的 Si (B^1^)。以此類推。 ```abc X:1 T:音符示範 M:C L:1/4 K:C |C, D, E, F,|G, A, B, C|D E F G|A B c d| e f g a|b c' d' e'|f' g' a' b'| c''|] ``` <font color=#2f4f4f>轉換 ABC 記譜法如下</font> ``` ```abc X:1 T:音符示範 M:C L:1/4 K:C |C, D, E, F,|G, A, B, C|D E F G|A B c d| e f g a|b c' d' e'|f' g' a' b'| c''|] ``` ``` ## 音符時值 Note Lengths 透過 L: 可以設定音符長度,而這裡的全音符時值是 1,所以比較常用的幾個可以整理成以下 | 音符名稱 | 倍全音符 | 全音符 | 二分音符 | 四分音符 | 八分音符 | 十六分音符 | | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: |:-----: | :-----: |:-----: | :-----: | | 時值 | 2 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/8 | 1/16| 預設(就是如果省略 L: 這行)是八分音符,也就是 L:1/8。 設置好後,打出來的音符就會是設置的時值。如果想要打出別的時值的音符,就要以設置的時值為基準去除或乘。 舉例來說,當 L:1/8 的時候,<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`c`</span> 就會是八分音符;<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`c/2`</span> 會是八分之一除以二,也就是十六分音符;<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`c2`</span> 則是八分之一乘以二,四分音符。以此類推。 另外,也可以透過 ==>== 、 ==<== 來改變兩個音符之間的時值(會把一個音符的一半加到另一個音符上)。比如原本都是四分音符的<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`g>g`</span>會變成複點四分音符跟八分音符,<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`g>>>g`</span>會變成複點二分音符跟八分音符。 ```abc X:1 T:音符時值示範 M:C K:C |c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15 c16|] L:1/4 |c/8 c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15|] L:1/16 |c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15 c16|] L:1/1 |c/64 c/32 c/16 c/8 c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3|] L:1/4 |g>g g2>g g>>g g<g g2<g g<<g|] ``` <font color=#2f4f4f>轉換 ABC 記譜法如下</font> ``` ```abc X:1 T:音符時值示範 M:C K:C |c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15 c16|] L:1/4 |c/8 c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15|] L:1/16 |c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c12 c15 c16|] L:1/1 |c/64 c/32 c/16 c/8 c/4 c/2 c/ c c2 c3|] ``` ``` ## 譜號 Clefs 譜號可以分為 Sol(G)、Fa(F)、Do(C)三類。這三類又可以分別再分為第幾線,代表的就是那個唱名在第幾線。據個例來說第二線 Sol 譜號指定第二線上的唱名為 Sol。而我們最熟悉的大譜表便是將採用 ==第二線 Sol 譜號== 的譜表 ==(高音譜表)== 及採用 ==第四線 Fa 譜號== 的譜表 ==(低音譜表)== 重疊起來。 而 ABC 記譜法預設的譜號為第二線 Sol 譜號。如果想更改譜號,可以透過 <span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`clef=cleftype`</span>或<span style="background-color:#dcdcdc">`clef=cleftype middle=note`</span>。這邊`middle=note` 的 note要放的就是位在中間,也就是五線譜中第三線的那個音。 下面將有更詳細的介紹。 ### Sol 譜號 為記載高音部用。 | | 別稱 | ABC 記譜法 | | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | 第二線 Sol 譜號 | 高音譜號 | 預設 / clef=treble / clef=treble middle=B | | 第一線 Sol 譜號 | 最高音譜號 | clef=treble middle=D | ```abc X: 1 T: Sol 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 name=第二線Sol譜號 C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 2 clef=treble C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 3 clef=treble middle=B C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 4 clef=treble middle=D name=第一線Sol譜號 C D E F G A B c d e f g w: C D E F G A B C D E F G ``` <font color=#2f4f4f>Sol 譜號示範轉換 ABC 記譜法如下</font> ``` ```abc X: 1 T: Sol 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 2 clef=treble C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 3 clef=treble middle=B C D E F G A B c d e f g V: 4 clef=treble middle=D C D E F G A B c d e f g w: C D E F G A B C D E F G ``` ``` ### Fa 譜號 為記載低音部用。 | | 別稱 | ABC 記譜法 | | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | 第三線 Fa 譜號 | 低音譜號 | clef=bass / clef=bass middle=D, | | 第四線 Fa 譜號 | 上低音譜號 | clef=bass middle=F, | ```abc X: 1 T: Fa 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 clef=bass name=第三線Fa譜號 A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 2 clef=bass middle=D, A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 3 clef=bass middle=D name=same_pitch A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 4 clef=bass middle=d name=on_the_staff A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 5 clef=bass middle=F, name=第四線Fa譜號 A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E w: A B C D E F G A B C D E ``` <font color=#2f4f4f>Fa 譜號示範轉換 ABC 記譜法如下</font> ``` ```abc X: 1 T: Fa 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 clef=bass name=第三線Fa譜號 A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 2 clef=bass middle=D, A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 3 clef=bass middle=D A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 4 clef=bass middle=d name=on_the_staff A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E V: 5 clef=bass middle=F, name=第四線Fa譜號 A,, B,, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C D E w: A B C D E F G A B C D E ``` ``` 比較特別的`clef=bass middle=D`和`clef=bass middle=d`的差別在於`clef=bass middle=D`是 ==same pitch== ,也就是不管所用的譜號是什麼,打的音符都會被當作是在高音範圍。比如,打 C 會從原本的中央 C (c^1^)變成在 低八度 C `(c)`的位置。而`clef=bass middle=d`是 ==on the staff==,也就是不管譜號,把音符位置固定。 ### Do 譜號 為記載中音部用。 | | 別稱 | ABC 記譜法 | | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | 第四線 Do 譜號 | 次中音譜號 | clef=alto middle=A | | 第三線 Do 譜號 | 中音譜號 | clef=alto / clef=alto middle=C | | 第二線 Do 譜號 | 女中音譜號 | clef=alto middle=E | | 第一線 Do 譜號 | 女高音譜號 | clef=alto middle=G | ```abc X: 1 T: Do 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 clef=alto name=第三線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 2 clef=alto middle=C A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 3 clef=alto middle=A name=第四線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 4 clef=alto middle=E name=第二線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 5 clef=alto middle=G name=第一線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' w: A B C D E F G A B C D E ``` <font color=#2f4f4f>Do 譜號示範轉換 ABC 記譜法如下</font> ``` ```abc X: 1 T: Do 譜號示範 M: L:1/1 K: C V: 1 clef=alto name=第三線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 2 clef=alto middle=C A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 3 clef=alto middle=A name=第四線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 4 clef=alto middle=E name=第二線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' V: 5 clef=alto middle=G name=第一線Do譜號 A, B, C D E F G A B C' D' E' w: A B C D E F G A B C D E ``` ```

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