Jim Huang
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    # `$`進矽谷 ## 矽谷在哪? ![](https://i.imgur.com/Q5co1GD.jpg) * Silicon Valley = 矽谷 (台灣翻譯) = 硅谷 (中國/新加坡翻譯) * 翻譯的差別主要在於[化學元素的命名](http://blog.xuite.net/ho_russ/twblog1/118639560) * [矽谷硅谷傻傻分不清楚](http://www.dailycold.tw/9074/silicon-valley/) * 傳統意義上的硅谷指的是南灣的三個城市的範圍,包括 San Jose、Santa Clara 和 Sunnyvale 等地。Intel、Apple、Cisco、AMD、Nvidia、Yahoo、HP、eBay 等這些公司都聚集在這裏。如今,矽谷還包含了稍往北的 Mountain View (代表公司是 Google)、Palo Alto、Menlo Park (代表公司是 Facebook) 以及 Redwood City,乃至一直到舊金山。 [ [source](https://www.byvoid.com/blog/usa-tour-silicon-valley-san-francisco) ] ## 獨角獸 * [ [source](http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/35391/BN-ARTICLE-35391) ] 在創投界,投資人會把估值超過 10 億美元的新創公司稱為獨角獸,把規模達到 1000 億美元的新創公司稱為超級獨角獸。 * 過去 60 年,超級獨角獸俱樂部的成員代表包括: * 1950 年代(之前): 惠普 —— 電子工具誕生 * 1960 年代: 英特爾 —— 半導體晶片崛起 * 1970 年代: Oracle —— 企業軟體興起;Apple, Microsoft —— PC 時代到來 * 1980 年代: Cisco 與 AOL —— 電信時代來臨 * 1990 年代: Google 與 Amazon —— 網際網路 * 2000 年代: Facebook —— 社交網路席捲世界 * 2013 年,科技獨角獸俱樂部有 38 家公司,規模達到 1300 億美元;12 個月後,估值超過 10 億美元的公司已經達到 68 家,規模達到 2610 億美元。2014 年第四季,這些公司新增 280 億美元規模,相當於第四季每天新增 3 億美元 * 2014 年,最炙手可熱的是 Uber,估值已經超過 400 億美元 * 2014 年,與 Uber 一起位於最頂端的是估值超過 100 億美元的公司,包括: * Whatsapp: 218 億美元 * Twitter: 206 億美元 * Flipkart: 110 億美元 * LINE: 100 億美元 * Snapchat: 100 億美元 :::info 對比 2016 年上半年,台積電產值約 130 億美元,聯發科在 2016 年的產值預估為 88 億美元 [ [source](http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160817000146-260204) ] ::: * 估值達到 50-100 億美元的公司包括: * Dropbox: 96 億美元 * [美團網](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A2%E7%BD%91): 70 億美元 * [Daum Kakao](http://www.kakaocorp.com/): 65 億美元 * Square: 60 億美元 * Pinterest:50 億美元 * 估值在 20-50 億美元的公司包括: * 中國的滴滴打車、UC、萬達電商、58 同城、愛奇藝、陌陌、微博等都處於這一級別,與 Spotify、Yelp、Strip 大致相當。事實上,這一層的中國公司數量超過美國公司。 :::info 美團是中國第一個精品團購形式的類 Groupon 電子商務網站。2015 年 10 月 8 日,美團網與大眾點評網共同成立新公司。2016 年 1 月,該新公司已完成首次融資,融資額超 33 億美元,融資後新公司估值超過 180 億美元。 ::: :::info 2016 年八月,[Uber 中國確定賣給滴滴出行,新公司估值 350 億美元](http://technews.tw/2016/08/01/uber-said-to-merge-china-business-with-didi-in-35-billion-deal/) ::: :::info [韓國行動社交服務之王:Daum Kakao](http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/39711/bn-2016-05-26-143308-178) 韓國雖然人口只有 5 千萬,但對全球市場極具野心,擁有社交、搜尋引擎與電子商務等巨型本土網路平台,市值或估值破10億美元的公司超過十家。韓國最大行動社交公司Daum Kakao的市值高達60億美元,事業版圖從遊戲、音樂、農業到美容美髮。 ::: * 估值在 10-20 億美元的公司包括: * 中國的大眾點評、獵豹、快的打車、優酷、口袋購物、蘑菇街、貝貝網等,與之對應的美國公司則有Box、Evernote等 * 萬達電商、愛奇藝、易到用車、Instacart、One97、Adyen、口袋購物、Lazada、Ola、蘑菇街、Yellow Mobile、GrabTaxi、inMobi、Shazam、貝貝網 * 延伸閱讀: [TechNews/獨角獸](http://technews.tw/tag/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%8D%B8/) * [ [source](https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2016/10/27/snapchat-ipo/) ] 通過IPO可能使 Snapchat 估值達到 250 億 - 350 億美元,還可能高達 400 億美元。在一個公司IPO的準備階段,其估值經常會變化,因為公司可能會嘗試降低投資人的期望,但其他人則更傾向於推高價格。 * Snapchat最近正在籌備上市事宜。Snapchat母公司Snap已經選定摩根士丹利和高盛作為IPO主承銷商,或最早於2017年3月公開上市;摩根大通、德意志銀行、Allen & Co、巴克萊和瑞士信貸也將作為聯合賬簿管理人參與Snap的IPO。 ## 矽谷科技排行榜 * [全美薪金最高25公司 矽谷占18家](http://www.worldjournal.com/3929937/) * 排名最高的 10 家矽谷公司: (2015 年) * Juniper Networks,位於 Sunnyvale,中間薪酬15.7萬,中間基本薪金13.5萬 * Google,位於 Mountain View,15.3萬,12.3萬 * VMware,位於 Palo Alto,15.2萬,13萬 * 亞馬遜126實驗室,位於 Sunnyvale,15萬,13.8萬 * Guidewire,位於 Foster City,15萬,13.5萬 * Cadence Design,位於 San José,15萬,14萬 * Visa,位於 Foster City,15萬,13萬 * Facebook,位於 Menlo Park,15萬,12.7萬 * Box,位於 Palo Alto,15萬,13萬 * 沃爾瑪eCommerce,位於 San Bruno,14.9萬,12.6萬 * [500 強的科技公司有幾個在矽谷?](http://technews.tw/2016/06/11/silicon-valley-power/) * 從 2015 年開始,Facebook 的股價就在飆升狀態,廣告業務一線飄紅 * PayPal 從 eBay 獨立出來了,eBay 營收下降了 47%,排名從第 172 名降到第 300 名 * HP: 超過 1 千億美元的營收中,利潤只有約 46 億美元,利潤只佔營收的 4.5 %。相比之下,Facebook 的利潤佔營收的 20.57 %,Apple 的利潤佔營收的 22.84 %。 惠普這種利潤邊際,應驗了當下的模式:盈利主要靠的是生產服務(service),而非生產硬體(hardware) * 希望在未來,盈利不靠現在,雖然歷史上,Salesforce 似乎從來沒賺過錢;雖然和去年相比,Salesforce 的盈利零增長,但是它家也把銷售管理軟體(CRM)市場壟斷得差不多了 * 1995 年就上市了的 NetApp, 是一家提供各種資料技術服務的公司。 技術公司很多時候就像是漂亮的明星產品背後的「經紀人」的角色,很少直接面對「粉絲」即消費者,卻默默無聞,並且至關重要。 ## 單槍匹馬闖一闖 * [Facebook面試過程是怎樣的一種體驗?](https://medium.com/akichy/%E9%9A%A8%E7%AD%86-facebook%E9%9D%A2%E8%A9%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E6%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E7%A8%AE%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97-ffaea535ce05) * 國際 intern

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