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On-chain Shutter w/ Governor Alpha or Bravo
Motivation
This proposal explores an implemention of "shielded voting" for the Governor Alpha/Bravo smart contract suite using a threshold encryption based commit-reveal scheme and DKG as implemented by Shutter.
The expected benefits of shielded voting are information symmetry and improved censorship resistance which we think have the potential to lead to more accurate and less biased voting results as well as reduced voter apathy. More on those benefits.
Shielded voting as a feature powered by "Shutter Governance" is already live in Snapshot, with multiple larger DAOs having it switched on within the first couple of weeks of it being live.
More on this implementation: Announcement on Snapshot Twitter, additional details on Shutter blog
However, this implementation is fully off-chain (as Snapshot is an off-chain based system), so for Governor Alpha/Bravo, a slightly different system is needed.
Implementating Shutter on-chain is entirely possible, see the 2021 smart contract based alpha release of on-chain Shutter.
Possible architecture overview
As with the previous on-chain Shutter prototype it would be entirely possible to "wrap" the Governor Alpha / Bravo contracts with Shutter to provide blinded voting on-chain.
However this would require small modifications to the Governor contracts. Namely the
voteBySig
functions would need to be changed such that only the Shutter contract is allowed to call it. All other vote functions would need to be disabled.This is necessary to allow Shutter to submit the final decrypted votes before the actual voting period ends while preventing others from exploting this information and slipping in non-encrypted vote(s) last minute.
On-chain Decryption
Currently decryption is not feasible on-chain due to the required cryptographic primitives not being available as precompiles in the EVM. Therefore, votes have to be decrypted off-chain and only the result can be submitted on-chain. There are a few options to ensure the result is correct: