Andrey Anokhin
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee
    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee
  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       owned this note    owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    Subscribed
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    Subscribe
    --- title: Docker tags: docker description: Docker slideOptions: transition: none progress: false slideNumber: true theme: white --- # Docker <img src="https://i.imgur.com/OJrN2pq.jpg" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- <p style='text-align: justify;'> Docker - программное обеспечение для автоматизации развёртывания и управления приложениями в средах с поддержкой контейнеризации. </p> --- ### Виртуализация vs докер <img src="https://i.imgur.com/5SYpeqa.jpg" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Виртуализация vs докер <img src="https://i.imgur.com/LYKgPJ7.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- <img src="https://i.imgur.com/iNIIcju.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Docker CLI - Консольная утилита для работы с докер-демоном - Может работать не только локально, но и по сети --- ### Docker Daemon - Серверная часть - Работает на хост-машине - Скачивает образы и запускает из них контейнеры - Создает сеть между контейнерами - Собирает логи контейнеров - Создает новый образ --- ### Docker Registry - хранит докер образы - может быть публичным (DockerHub) и приватным --- ### Image and container <img src="https://i.imgur.com/yLkRjgM.png" style="height:500px; background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ## Создание докер контейнера <img src="https://i.imgur.com/gVX8mfs.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Docker Image - Упаковка нашего контейнера - Из них запускаются контейнеры - Хранятся в докер-реестрах (registry) - Имеют hash, имя и tag - Имеют «слоёную» структуру - Создаются (build’ятся) по инструкции (Dockerfile) --- Dockerfile ```dockerfile FROM python:3.7-alpine WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt /app RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt --no-cache-dir COPY . /app ENTRYPOINT ["python3"] CMD ["app.py"] ``` --- #### Dockerfile commands Выбор базового образа (FROM): ```Dockerfile FROM <image>[:<tag>] [AS <name>] ``` ```Dockerfile FROM python:3.7 ``` --- Запуск команд (RUN): ``` RUN has 2 forms: RUN <command> (shell form, the command is run in a shell, which by default is /bin/sh -c on Linux) RUN ["executable", "param1", "param2"] (exec form) ``` ```Dockerfile RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ``` --- Запуск программы в контейнере ```dockerfile ENTRYPOINT ["python3"] CMD ["app.py"] ``` ``` ENTRYPOINT ["executable", "param1", "param2"] ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 ``` ``` The CMD instruction has three forms: CMD ["executable","param1","param2"] (exec form) CMD ["param1","param2"] (as default parameters to ENTRYPOINT) CMD command param1 param2 (shell form) ``` ```dockerfile CMD ["python3", "app.py"] CMD python3 app.py ``` <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:25px'> https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#understand-how-cmd-and-entrypoint-interact</p> --- Добавление файлов в образ ```dockerfile COPY /source/file/path /destination/path ADD /source/file/path /destination/path ADD source.file.tar.gz /temp ADD http://source.file/url /destination/path ``` https://phoenixnap.com/kb/docker-add-vs-copy --- #### USER ```dockerfile USER <user>[:<group>] USER <UID>[:<GID>] ``` ```dockerfile USER root ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive RUN apt-get update && apt-get -yq dist-upgrade \ && apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends \ wget \ bzip2 \ && apt-get clean \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* ENV NB_USER=jovyan \ NB_UID=1000 RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash -N -u $NB_UID $NB_USER USER $NB_USER ``` --- Порты в контейнере ```dockerfile EXPOSE <port> [<port>/<protocol>...] ``` ```dockerfile EXPOSE 80 ``` <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:25px'> The EXPOSE instruction <b>does not actually publish the port</b>. It functions as a type of documentation between the person who builds the image and the person who runs the container, about which ports are intended to be published. </p> --- ### ENV and ARG ```dockerfile ARG <name>[=<default value>] ENV <key>=<value> ... ``` ```dockerfile ARG MINICONDA_VERSION=py38_4.9.2 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all ``` ``` docker build --build-arg <key>=<value> . docker run --env <key>=<value> ``` --- <img src="https://d33wubrfki0l68.cloudfront.net/8d799fc311d166c3a7d9f1a7970e1dd1d43bf141/0a855/images/docker-env-vars/docker_environment_build_args.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> https://vsupalov.com/docker-arg-vs-env/ --- ### Полезные ссылки - https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/ - https://goinbigdata.com/docker-run-vs-cmd-vs-entrypoint/ - https://phoenixnap.com/kb/docker-add-vs-copy --- ### Уменьшение размера образа - dockerignore - минимальные образы линукса (alpine) - удаление кэша apt-get ```Dockerfile RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y cmake wget \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* ``` --- ### Полезные советы - часто изменяемые слои ставить в конец докер файла - фиксировать версии зависимостей, не использовать тег latest - не запускать процесс от root пользователя --- ### Docker container - Запускается из образа - Изолирован - Должен содержать в себе всё для работы приложения - 1 процесс – 1 контейнер --- ### Container layers <img src="https://i.imgur.com/4raQaLy.jpg" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Основные команды докера ``` docker pull <<name>> - скачать образ из регистри на машину docker build <</path/to/dir>> - собрать образ docker run <<name>> - запустить контейнер docker ps - список работающих контейнеров docker start/stop/restart <<name>> - работа с контейнером docker rm <<name>> - удалить контейнер docker logs <<name>> - логи контейнера ``` --- ### Docker volumes <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:25px'> - <b>Volumes</b> are stored in a part of the host filesystem which is managed by Docker (/var/lib/docker/volumes/ on Linux). Non-Docker processes should not modify this part of the filesystem.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:25px'> - <b>Bind mounts</b> may be stored anywhere on the host system. Non-Docker processes on the Docker host or a Docker container can modify them at any time.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:25px'> - <b>tmpfs mounts</b> are stored in the host system’s memory only, and are never written to the host system’s filesystem. </p> <img src="https://docs.docker.com/storage/images/types-of-mounts-volume.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Docker network <img src="https://i.imgur.com/q5wKccT.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- ### Docker-compose - Позволяет запустить и настроить многоконтейнерное приложение - Все описываем в docker-compose.yml - Создает свою сеть проекту - Дает возможность обращаться контейнерам друг к другу по именам --- ### Docker-compose ```yaml version: '3' services: web: build: app ports: - '5000:5000' ``` --- ### Основные команды docker-compose ``` docker-compose build – собрать проект docker-compose up –d – запустить проект docker-compose down – остановить проект docker-compose logs -f [service name]` – посмотреть логи сервиса docker-compose ps – вывести список контейнеров docker-compose exec [service name] [command] – выполнить команду docker-compose images – список образов ``` --- ### Kubernetes <img src="https://hackr.io/blog/media/kubernetes-architecure.png" style="background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none;"> --- <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:35px'> Kubernetes adds distributed computing features on top of containers:</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:30px'> - <b>Pods</b>: pods are logical groups of containers that share resources like memory, CPU, storage, and network.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:30px'> - <b>Auto-scaling</b>: Kubernetes can automatically adapt to changing workloads by starting and stopping pods as needed.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:30px'> - <b>Self-healing</b>: containers are monitored and restarted on failure.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:30px'> - <b>Load-balancing</b>: requests are distributed over the healthy available pods.</p> <p style='text-align: justify; font-size:30px'> - <b>Rollouts</b>: Kubernetes supports automated rollouts and rollbacks. Making otherwise complex procedures like Canary and Blue-Green releases trivial.</p>

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully