Hemg2
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    # Singleton(싱글톤) - 특정 용도로 객체를 하나만 생성하여, 앱에 전체적으로 사용 하고 싶을때 사용하는 디자인 패턴(과일?, 아이디/패드워드, 유저 정보? 기록? 등등 하나의 객체로 여러곳에서 사용할때 좋을수도?) - 단일 공유 클래스 인스턴스를 사용하여 공유 리소스에 대한 액세를 제공합니다. ### 싱글톤 만들기 ```swift class UserSingleton { static let shared = UserSingleton() private init() {} var id: String? var password: String? } ``` - 이렇게 만들어서 사용할 수 있다. ```swift let user = UserSingleton.shared user.id = "Hemg" user.password = "1234qwer" ``` - 객체 안에서 저장 프로퍼티를 선언후, 본인 스스로를 생성한다 - `static`이라는 메서드를 사용해야한다! - private init(){}를 통하여 싱글톤의 접근제한을 진행한다! - private init() 을 하는 이유는 init함수를 호출해 인스턴스 를 또 생성하는것을 막기 위해서! - 이제 뭐 다른곳에서 잘 쓰면된다. 참조이기 때문에 집어 넣으면 다 들어간다. ```swift private let a: UserSingleton = UserSingleton.shard 넹 이렇게 편하게 쓸수있습니다. ``` ### 싱글톤 패턴읜 장점과 단점은 무엇이 있을까? - 장점: - 한번 생성된 인스턴스로 계속하여 활용하기 때문에 메모리를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있다. - 단 하나만 존재하기 때문에 동일한 데이터와 서비스를 다양한 객체에 제공할 수 있다. - 싱글톤 인스턴스는 전역인스턴스라서 데이터 공유가 쉽다. - 단점: - 단 하나의 데이터를 사용하는 것은 장점이 될 수 있지만, 여러곳에서 동시에 사용하면 인스턴스의 상태관리가 어려워질 수 있다. - 싱글톤 활용이 많아지게 된다면 유지보수, 확장이 어려울 수 있다. - 여러곳에서 공유하는 만큼 싱글톤 기능을 확장하게된다면 단일 책임 원칙에 위배된다. ### 하지만 애플에서는 싱글톤을 쓴다! 찾아보자! - URLSession: URL 세션을 관리하는 클래스 → URLSession.shared - 오 이건 자주 쓴다. - UIApplication: iOS에서 실행되는 중앙제어 애플리케이션 객체 → UIApplication.shared - 이건 건드리적은없지만 쓰고있다. - NotificationCenter: 등록된 알림의 정보를 사용할 수 있게 해주는 클래스 → NotificationCenter.default #### 싱글턴 디자인 패턴을 구현할 때는 어떤 방식(열거형, 구조체, 클래스 등)을 활용하여 타입을 구현하는 것이 좋을까? 그 이유는? - 구조체, 클래스로도 활용 가능하지만 클래스로 구현하는 것이 좋다. - 싱글톤 인스턴스를 할당할 수도 있기 때문에(구조체로 구현하는 순간 복사하는 것 뿐)

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