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    # 自己的 kernel 自己簽:secure boot 的開源之旅 {%hackmd @coscup/announcement-2025 %} [PDF Slide](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WxWlPhaBkZi1zcr4FTZNOgcV050phbpi/view?usp=sharing) 遭 bootkit 感染後,就算重灌作業系統可能也無法移除 防禦 bootkit 基本招: **開啟 secure boot** UEFI 驗證 bootloader -> bootloaer 驗證 OS DXE driver 位於 firmware volumen 儲存區, root of trust 始於 Intel Boot Guard / AMD Hardware Validate boot Secure boot 是之後得事,用於驗證 boot loader, OS Secure Boot 無法阻擋對 uEFI, driver 的攻擊 移除 bootkit 的方式: 格式化硬碟、對 SPI Flash 重燒 firmware Secure boot 使用 key 驗證載入的 bootloader, - PKG (Platform Key): 最高級金鑰,只允許存在一把,由製造商寫入 - KEK (Key Exchange Key): 用於更新 DB, DBX - DB (Signature Dtabase): 儲存合法的 key 擺脫 M$ 的方法: PK 換成自己的 -> 有些 driver 是微軟簽的話可能會出事 Shim Bootloader -> 允許機器擁有者 machine owner 註冊自己的金鑰 NVRAM負責儲存 UEFI 變數,這些變數通常存放在 SPL flash 上的 firmware volumen 中,包含 PK、KEK、MOK Shim MOK 不是 UEFI 標準,需要事先用 Microsoft key 簽過 GRUB Secure Boot - 確保 OS 完整性 - Full Disk Encryption (FDE) Linux Live USB 開啟加密硬碟其實不慢 -> 慢的是 GRUB 增加不加密的 boot partition 開機會比較快 ucode: 微指令 microcode initramfs: kernel 將此作為初始filesystem, 非直接讀取硬碟 vmlinuz: kernel 執行檔 Boot 不加密 MOK 可簽 grub config, initramfs -> 將他們包進執行檔就可以簽名 (grub-standalone, UKI:unified kernel image) FDE 全硬碟加密 -> 太慢 GRUB Secure Boot 設置 - 根據 arch wiki 設定 grub preload modules, 事先包進 binary - 在 grub.cfg 設定 `check_signatures=enforce` => 不合理,別人可以改掉 - 在 config 中設定 check_signatures 會導致行為不一致 GRUB 強制啟動 GPG 簽名 GRUB 不支援 UKI Windows EFI 要用 GPG 簽 GRUB 才要載入 講者沒測試過 rEFInd 和 systemd-boot 未解之謎 - TPM PCR0 reconstruction: not found ###### tags: `COSCUP2025`, `zhtw`, `advanced`

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