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    --- title: 'UVa 12442 題解 — C++' disqus: hackmd --- # UVa 12442 題解 — C++ :::info :bulb: 此筆記為UVa 12442的題目詳解,包含解題思路、C++範例程式碼。 ::: ## 12442 - Forwarding Emails (ZeroJudge a523.) ### [題目](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=a523) :::success 「...務必轉寄給十個人,以證明你相信國王有新衣。」 這種 email 很討人厭,不是嗎? 火星人也有這種郵件,但他們有個新奇的方式來處理它。他們既不亂寄,也不會不寄,而是只寄給一個朋友,不多也不少,(而且不會寄給自己)。現在火星部落酋長要發一封 email 出去,他很固執只肯發給一個人。身為酋長,他設法查出了誰會轉信給誰,現在他想知道:他的信要寄給誰才能讓最多的火星人看到? ::: ### 輸入 / 輸出說明 | **輸入說明** | **輸出說明** | |:-|:-| | 輸入的第一行有一個 T (≤ 20) 表示測資筆數。<br>每筆測資的第一行有一個整數 N (2 ≤ N ≤ 50000) 表示社群中火星人的數量。以下 N 行每行有兩個整數:u v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ N, u ≠ v) 代表火星人 u 會把 email 轉給火星人 v。 | 對於每筆測資,印出測資編號及一個整數 m,代表酋長應該把初始郵件寄達的那個火星人。如果正確答案不止一個,輸出最小的數字。 | ### 解題思路 :::warning 這題顯然不能使用陣列儲存 u、v,這邊我選擇使用 map (其實用 vector 可能更好)。 這題使用 dfs 的方式去解,我透過迴圈 j 當起始人出發,但我特別加了 done 這個條件,因為如果有節點在另一個節點的開始到結束的途中,就不必考慮該節點,將該節點也視為已完成遍歷 **<註>**。 **<註>** 假設我們有 4 個火星人,而我從 1 出發,途中會送給 2、3,代表有 3 個火星人會收到信,則從 2、3 出發最多的可能也是 3 而已 (因為每個人都只寄給一個人,所以最多的可能就是形成一個環,環內無論從哪點開始都是一樣多人收到信,如下圖一),而亦有可能小於 3,如下圖二,因此從 2、3 開始不可能比從 1 開始多,所以不必考慮。 ## 圖一 ![圖片1](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkYtPVz1le.png =50%x) ## 圖二 ![圖片2](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyVddVfkeg.png =50%x) ::: ### 範例程式碼 ```C++= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, times; map<int, int> uv, visit, done; int dfs(int node) { visit[node] = 1; //已訪問此節點 done[node] = 1; //此節點已完成 (若在其他節點中,則必比該節點少,亦算完成) times++; if (visit[uv[node]] == 0) dfs(uv[node]); } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int i, j, t, u, v; int max, max_index; cin >> t; for (i=0;i<t;i++) { cin >> n; uv.clear(); done.clear(); for (j=0;j<n;j++) { cin >> u >> v; uv[u] = v; } max = 0; max_index = 0; for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { if (done[j] == 0) { visit.clear(); visit[j] = 1; times = 1; dfs(j); if (times > max) { //不需要判斷是不是小於 max_index,因為我是從小的節點到大去找 max = times; max_index = j; } } } cout << "Case " << i + 1 << ": " << max_index << endl; } return 0; } ``` ### 運行結果 <font color="#00BB00">**AC**</font> (0.1s, 10.2MB) ###### tags: `CPE ?星` :::danger 查看更多資訊請至:https://www.tseng-school.com/ :::

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