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    # <font class="h2">什麼是this</font> ###### tags: `javascript` <style> .h2 { background: linear-gradient(135deg,#fff,#537479) ; color: #537479; display:block; padding: 6px 5px; border-radius: 4px; } .h3 { background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 50%,#c9d5d4) ; color: #537479; display:block; padding: 6px 5px; border-bottom: 3px solid #537479; } .h4 { color: #537479; font-weight:bold; font-size:1.1em; } </style> - this 是javascript的一個關鍵字 - this 是function執行時,自動生成的一個內部物件 <br> :::danger this的指向主要是看函式在哪裡被執行 ::: :::info this 為當前 function 執行所在位置的參考 ::: :::info 每個函式都有this和argument這兩個特別的值, this代表「函式執行時所屬的物件」,在函式使用它 ::: ### <font class="h3">不同的程式碼脈絡,this代表不同的東西</font> ### <font class="h4">➤情況一: 獨立的函式</font> ==獨立函式中this代表全域(window物件)== ```javascript function test(){ console.log(this); } test(); ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/kESNS41.jpg) <br> ### 因此在獨立的函式,this可以做window使用: ```javascript function test(){ console.log(this.innerWidth);//印出視窗寬度 } test(); ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/ltEwsli.png) 因此得知視窗寬度為1425px <br><br> ### <font class="h4">➤情況二:物件的方法(方法指的就是物件裡的函式)</font> ==在物件的方法中,this就是方法所屬的物件本身== ```javascript let obj ={ x:3, test:function(){ console.log(this); } } obj.test(); ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/0qd9Cet.png) 就是obj物件本身 <br> ### 因此在物件的方法,this可以做此物件使用,取裡面屬性的值: ```javascript let obj ={ x:3, test:function(){ console.log(this.x); } } obj.test(); ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/797k1Py.png) <br><br> ### <font class="h4">➤情況三:事件處理函式</font> ==在事件處理函式中,this就是觸發事件的對象物件== 所以如果在一個按鈕上面註冊click事件,使用者點擊這個按鈕,這個this就會代表那個按鈕 :::info 此時this與e.target的結果是一樣都代表按鈕本身,但使用this必須是傳統函式 ::: ```javascript document.addEventListener('click',function(){ console.log(this); }) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/fdHPh3F.png) 這裡點擊就會是document本身 <br><br><br><br><br> 所以這裡在頁面上按下就會印出Clicked字樣 ```javascript document.addEventListener('click',function(){ this.body.innerHTML="Clicked"; }) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/JADe7F4.png) <br> :::danger 如果事件處理函式理使用的是箭頭函式,那麼this就會指向外層 ::: <br><br><br><br> ### <font class="h4">➤情況四:建構函式</font> ==在建構函式中,this就是新建立的空白物件== ```javascript function Point(){ console.log(this); } new Point(); ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/kxBxjUW.png) <br><br> 因此我們就可以利用這個空白物件,串上屬性建立一個新的物件 ```javascript function Point(){ this.x=3; this.y=4; } let p1 = new Point(); console.log(p1) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/YKWWw0l.png) <br><br><br><br> ### <font class="h3">陷阱題</font> ### 題目一. ```javascript var someone = '全域'; function callSomeone(){ console.log(this.someone) } var obj3 = { someone: '物件 3', fn() { callSomeone(); // 通常平常不會這樣去取用 this } } obj3.fn();//全域 ``` 這裡的this指向的是全域 <br><br><br><br> ### 題目二.callback function ```javascript var someone = '全域'; function callSomeone(){ console.log(this.someone) } var obj4 = { someone: '物件 4', fn() { setTimeout(function () { console.log(this.someone); }); } } obj4.fn();//全域 ``` `fn()`這段是屬於callback function ,callback function 大部分來說是屬於simplecall,所以this大多指向全域 <br><br><br><br> ### 題目三.巢狀中的this 巢狀中的this會指向window ```javascript let obj = { func1:function(){ console.log(this === obj) //true var func2 = function(){ console.log(this === obj) //false } func2() } } obj.func1() ``` <br><br><br><br> ### 題目四. ![](https://i.imgur.com/wRp3xF9.png) <br><br><br><br> ### 題目五: 箭頭函式的this :::danger 箭頭函式沒有自己的this,會往外層尋找 ::: ```javascript var newObj1 = { someone: "小明", callSomeone() { console.log('callSomeone', this.someone) }, callMethods() { setTimeout(() => { this.callSomeone() }, 100) } } newObj1.callMethods() //callSomeone 小明 ```

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