---
title: Programming Cheat Sheet
date: 2025-08-27
tags: programming
categories: programming
collaborate: https://hackmd.io/5nNUgUfYQRGQRtJH7Jyozw
---

# Algorithm

## OCW
1. [Hello 演算法](https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/)
1. [csdiy.wiki](https://csdiy.wiki/en/)
1. [RePublic of CS](https://republic-of-cs.gitbook.io/e)
1. [The Missing Semester of Your CS Education](https://missing.csail.mit.edu/)
1. [Learn Git Branching](https://learngitbranching.js.org/)

# Software

## 縮寫
- SDLC（Software Development Life Cycle，軟體開發生命週期）

## 名詞用法
- [TechTerms.com](https://techterms.com)
- [程序代码中，怎么区分status和state？](https://www.zhihu.com/question/21994784)

| | State | Status |
|------------|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| 定義 | 表示具備明確轉換流程的狀態 | 表示單一、靜態的狀態或屬性 |
| 轉換關係 | 狀態之間有明確的遷移關係 | 狀態之間沒有明確的轉換流程 |
| 範例 | TCP 狀態（SYN_SENT、ESTABLISHED 等） | HTTP 狀態碼（200、404 等）、啟用/停用標記 |

## Project Management
1. [Quire](https://quire.io)

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Meaning of Abbreviations
| Shortcut | Description |
|:---------------- |:--------------------- |
| <kbd>PR</kbd> | Pull Request |
| <kbd>PTAL</kbd> | Please Take A Look |
| <kbd>TBR</kbd> | To Be Reviewed |
| <kbd>TL;DR</kbd> | Too Long; Didn’t Read |
| <kbd>LGTM</kbd> | Looks Good To Me |
| <kbd>SGTM</kbd> | Sounds Good To Me |
| <kbd>TBD</kbd> | To Be Done |

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Environment
<!-- 1. [docker](...)
1. [py-dependency](....)
1. [remote-dev](...) -->

<!-- ========================================================== -->

## Linux
1. [FOSS Linux](https://www.fosslinux.com/)
1. [Linux Journey](https://linuxjourney.com/)

## Docker

##### Installation
1. [適用於Ubuntu與WSL的Nvidia Docker安裝方式](https://youtu.be/3Od1gTKUwTY)
1. [Tensorflow with GPU on Windows WSL using Docker](https://youtu.be/YozfiLI1ogY)
1. [【技術分享】重灌後，安裝 GPU 驅動以及 Docker](https://ntust-sims-lab.github.io/it-blog/install_gpu_docker_ubuntu2004/)
1. [Manage Docker as a non-root user](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/)

##### Setup
1. [How to Use a .dockerignore File: A Comprehensive Guide with Examples](https://hn.mrugesh.dev/how-to-use-a-dockerignore-file-a-comprehensive-guide-with-examples)
1. [How to use Docker Build Args and Environment Variables](https://refine.dev/blog/docker-build-args-and-env-vars/)

##### docker network-alias
1. [談談 docker network-alias](https://blog.maxkit.com.tw/2017/04/docker-network-alias_30.html)

##### docker stopsignal

##### Book or Video
1. [不可不知的 Docker 開發部署實戰筆記：網站工程師一定要會的 8大核心能力](https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9786263333086)
1. [Virtual Machine (VM) vs Docker](https://youtu.be/a1M_thDTqmU?si=rBzQCVE0YonERAiP)

##### Error
1. [Docker Desktop WSL ext4.vhdx too large](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70946140/docker-desktop-wsl-ext4-vhdx-too-large)
1. [設定 super user - nvidia-docker :权限被拒绝](https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/sof/106208583)
1. [Docker image platform compatibility issue with MAC Silicon processors(M1/M2)](https://medium.com/@email.bajaj/docker-image-platform-compatibility-issue-with-mac-silicon-processors-m1-m2-ee2d5ea3ff0e)
1. [Solution for docker: invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase](https://forum.codewithmosh.com/t/solution-for-docker-invalid-reference-format-repository-name-must-be-lowercase/10630)
1. [when using docker compose 3.8 getting 'version is unsupported' error](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61344927/when-using-docker-compose-3-8-getting-version-is-unsupported-error)

## Moby

1. [The Moby Project](https://github.com/moby/moby/tree/master)

# Python

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Design Pattern

##### 基本
- [Python 寫程式的「底線」：7 種使用技巧](https://haosquare.com/python-underscore/)
- [Abstract Method - [Python物件導向]Python多型(Polymorphism)實用教學](https://www.learncodewithmike.com/2020/01/python-polymorphism.html)
- [geoff_spacetime/變數命名慣例](https://www.threads.net/@geoff_spacetime/post/C-WfyS2zcqd?xmt=AQGzzlS9UXNGDnBhZtUt9kdmJB45NOEHuBbKKxqm4pgoDQ)
- [Python 的檢查及測試工具箱](https://medium.com/pyladies-taiwan/python-的檢查及測試工具箱-eda71af68c19)

##### State Design Pattern
1. [The State Design Pattern in Python Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OzLrbk82zY)

##### Class
1. [Python dataclass 教學：輕鬆定義資料類別](https://haosquare.com/python-dataclass/)
1. [Python Property 教學：保護變數資料的 Getter 與 Setter](https://haosquare.com/python-property/)
1. [Python Type Hints 教學：我犯過的 3 個菜鳥錯誤](https://haosquare.com/python-type-hints-3-beginner-mistakes/)
1. [Pydantic: Simplifying Data Validation in Python](https://realpython.com/python-pydantic/)

##### Enum
1. [Python Enum 枚舉教學：有條理管理常數集合的好工具](https://haosquare.com/python-enum/)

##### Documentation
1. [mkdocstrings/griffe](https://github.com/mkdocstrings/griffefv)
1. [Mintlify](https://mintlify.com/)
> Meet the next generation of documentation. AI-native, beautiful out-of-the-box, and built for developers
1. [Top 6 Tools to Turn Code into Beautiful Diagrams](https://youtu.be/jCd6XfWLZsg?si=B4BemSK_x2dlCOhc)
1. [Diagrams as Code](https://diagrams.mingrammer.com/)

##### Project
1. [astral-sh/uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv)
> An extremely fast Python package installer and resolver, written in Rust.
1. [astral-sh/rye](https://github.com/astral-sh/rye)
> a Hassle-Free Python Experience
1. [cookiecutter](https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter)
> A cross-platform command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates), e.g. Python package projects, C projects.
1. [pypa/hatch](https://github.com/pypa/hatch)
> Modern, extensible Python project management

##### Flow Chart
1. [cdfmlr/pyflowchart](https://github.com/cdfmlr/pyflowchart)
1. [PYTHON 自動產生 FLOWCHART !](https://www.8890.tw/python-自動產生-flowchart/)

##### Pipeline
1. [Data PIPELINE - Orchest](https://orchest.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#)
1. [airflow使用指南-机器学习工程自动化](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42010722/article/details/121453151)

##### Docker
> 減少 Image 大小

| 參數 | 解釋 |
|:--------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| `PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1` | 關閉 pip 在執行時檢查「pip 本身是否有新版」的提示 |
| `PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1` | 讓 pip 安裝套件時不要保留下載的 wheel 或壓縮檔快取 |
| `PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1` | 讓 Python 不要在執行時生成 `.pyc / __pycache__` 檔案 |
| `PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1` | 讓 Python 輸出（stdout/stderr）不經過快取，直接 flush |

# Database

## NoSQL
1. [SQL & MongoDB Query Comparison](https://notes.boshkuo.com/docs/MongoDB/sql-mql-comparison)

## SQL
1. [近似索引](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/tc/polardb/polardb-for-postgresql/approximate-index#37f006dd29xum)

# Julia

# SRE __Site Reliability Engineering__

## Termindology
1. Chaos Engineering - 混沌工程

## Article
1. [✨️什麼是混沌工程（Chaos Engineering）](https://www.threads.net/@og_programming/post/DCwaIksPw2l)

# CI/CD

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Termindology
1. Infrastructure as Code _IaC_
1. GitOps

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Version Control

##### Distributed Version Control System，DVCS
##### Center Version Control System
##### Team Foundation Version Control, TFVC

##### git

##### DVC
> ML Experiments Management with Git
1. [Data Version Control | Git for Data & Models | ML Experiments Management](https://dvc.org)
1. [Data Version Control With Python and DVC](https://realpython.com/python-data-version-control/)

##### elementary
> Open-source data observability for analytics engineers
1. https://github.com/elementary-data/elementaryelementary

<!-- ========================================================== -->

## Workflow/Pipeline/MLops

##### Crontab
- [Ubuntu 排程設定 ：Crontab 排程使用教學](https://jqnets.com/blog/ubuntu-排程設定-：crontab-排程使用教學/)

##### Jenkins

##### Github action
- [What's the difference between a GitHub action and a workflow?](https://dev.to/github/whats-the-difference-between-a-github-action-and-a-workflow-2gba)
- [Actionforge is a VS Code Extension to Build GitHub Workflows Visually](https://www.infoq.com/news/2024/03/actionforge-github-action-gui/)

##### Airflow

##### mage-ai
> The modern replacement for Airflow. Build, run, and manage data pipelines for integrating and transforming data.
1. https://github.com/mage-ai/mage-ai

##### wandb
> A tool for visualizing and tracking your machine learning experiments.
1. https://github.com/wandb/wandb

##### Drone CI

##### Flyte
1. An open-source orchestrator that facilitates building production-grade data and ML pipelines

##### datachecks
> Datachecks is an open-source data monitoring tool that helps to monitor the data quality of databases and data pipelines. It identifies potential issues, including in the databases and data pipelines. It helps to identify the root cause of the data quality issues and helps to improve the data quality.
1. https://github.com/waterdipai/datachecks

<!-- ========================================================== -->
## Logs

##### hydra
> A framework for elegantly configuring complex applications
1. https://github.com/facebookresearch/hydra

##### whylogs
> The open standard for data logging
1. https://github.com/whylabs/whylogs

<!-- ========================================================== -->
# git

## Articles
1. [菜雞新訓記 (1): 使用 Git 來進行版本控制吧](https://github.com/Igouist/hello-git)
2. [What is Git? Our beginner’s guide to version control](https://github.blog/developer-skills/programming-languages-and-frameworks/what-is-git-our-beginners-guide-to-version-control/)
3. [Git Commit Message 這樣寫會更好，替專案引入規範與範例](https://wadehuanglearning.blogspot.com/2019/05/commit-commit-commit-why-what-commit.html)
4. [How to write a good commit message | git tutorial](https://youtu.be/g9-X6fR2eYA)
5. [Conventional Commits 1.0.0](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/)
6. [requarks/changelog-action](https://github.com/requarks/changelog-action)
7. [🔄 全面掌握 Git 撤銷：詳細解析在 4 種不同層級下的操作方式](https://blog.o-w-o.cc/archives/git-revert-tutorial)
8. [Igouist/hello-git](https://github.com/Igouist/hello-git)
9. [開發 Git 的人所推薦的 .gitconfig 設定](https://blog.gslin.org/archives/2025/02/27/12274/開發-git-的人所推薦的-gitconfig-設定/)
10. [偉大的 Git commit message rules](https://hackmd.io/@howhow/git_commit)

## Commit message
1. [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/)
1. [Husky](https://typicode.github.io/husky/)
1. [I Do this for every commit and why you should too!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK4uXmkGMSU)
1. [MichaelCurrin/auto-commit-msg](https://github.com/MichaelCurrin/auto-commit-msg)
1. [Git Squash: How to Condense Your Commit History](https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/git-squash-how-to-condense-your-commit-history)
1. [Smoother rebases with auto-squashing Git commits](https://andrewlock.net/smoother-rebases-with-auto-squashing-git-commits/)
1. [Git Squash Simplified](https://dev.to/pb/git-squash-simplified-3ba1)
1. [gitmoji](https://gitmoji.dev/)
1. [di-sukharev/opencommit](https://github.com/di-sukharev/opencommit)

## Command

# 列出所有曾經有 commit 過的文件
git log --pretty=format: --name-only --diff-filter=A | sort -u

# 刪除所有跟 a.txt 相關的紀錄
git filter-branch --force --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch a.txt' --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all

## Commit message Convention
| Type | Description |
|:------------------- |:-------------------------------------------------------- |
| <kbd>feat</kbd> | Add new features |
| <kbd>chore</kbd> | Build process or auxiliary tool changes |
| <kbd>fix</kbd> | Fix some bugs |
| <kbd>refactor</kbd> | A code change that neither fixes a bug or adds a feature |
| <kbd>style</kbd> | Change coding style |
| <kbd>docs</kbd> | Write new documentation |

## Branch Naming Convention
| Type | Description |
|:--------------- |:-------------------------------------- |
| <kbd>wip</kbd> | Works in progress |
| <kbd>feat</kbd> | Feature |
| <kbd>bug</kbd> | Bug fix or experiment |
| <kbd>junk</kbd> | Throwaway branch created to experiment |

## Rebase
- [What does "pick" in Git's interactive rebase do?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45563865/what-does-pick-in-gits-interactive-rebase-do)
- [About Git rebase](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-git/about-git-rebase)

| Commands | Description |
|:----------------- |:------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <kbd>pick</kbd> | 保留該提交，不進行任何更改 |
| <kbd>reword</kbd> | 修改該提交的提交訊息 |
| <kbd>edit</kbd> | 挑選該提交，並在應用該提交時停止，以便你可以進行修改 |
| <kbd>squash</kbd> | 將該提交與前一個提交合併成一個提交 |
| <kbd>fixup</kbd> | 與 squash 類似，但用於合併提交而無需保留該提交的提交訊息 |
| <kbd>exec</kbd> | 執行一個 shell 命令。這允許你在 rebase 過程中執行自定義的命令 |

# Web

## API
- [API Parrot](https://apiparrot.com/)
- https://levelup.gitconnected.com/api-design-101-from-basics-to-best-practices-a0261cdf8886
- [在 FastAPI Routes 以外無痛複用 Depends 的方法](https://j-sui.com/2024/10/26/use-fastapi-depends-outside-fastapi-routes/)

# Open Source

## Alternative
1. [OpenAlternative](https://openalternative.co)
1. [Collecting the Best Free AI APIs for You](https://freeaihunter.com)
1. [Githunt](https://kamranahmed.info/githunt)

## Mentorship
1. [給薪的遠端開源實習大比拼：GSoC vs Outreachy](https://hackmd.io/@9ukei/r1YtFu2vi)

# AI

## MCP

- [GitHub MCP Registry](https://github.com/mcp)
- [OSS MCP Community Registry](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/registry/)