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自由軟体和中国経典思想 - 漆畑晶 === {%hackmd LcL4-VI0SGitSiINTuy4rA %} > 講者表示他是日本人,將以英語演說,議程資訊若看到漢語演說為錯誤資訊。若有想要和他對話的,可以透過漢字進行筆談。 # 緣起 講者漆畑晶之所以會深入這個主題,起因於2000年6月,他和朋友到美國波士頓的 Free Software Foundation Headquarter 造訪 Richard Stallman 時發生的事件。當時 Mr. Lee 問了 Richard Stallman (簡稱 RMS) 說,我不懂你為什麼要讓軟體自由?你大可以賺一筆的。 RMS 回覆說: > There is a moral of a higher level. 然後轉頭問漆畑晶,你有更好的說法解釋嗎?講者便開始思考鼓勵大家使用、研究、合作、分享的自由軟體,和經典思想之間,究竟有沒有什麼關係可以解釋的。 # 論自由軟體和中國經典思想 ## 論語取義 日本的文學教育中,除了現代日本語、古代日本語外,也非常注重古典中國文學,而講者對於古典漢文學相當有興趣,並為觀眾展示了論語一則, > 子曰 君子喻於義 小人喻於利 中國經典思想裡,君子等有德行的人懂得的是義,而小人懂得的是利。自由軟體所追求的就是「義」,而不是錢的「利」。 ## 孟子講辭讓 接著,講者切換到孟子一則, > 孟子曰 辭讓之心 禮之端也 在日本,辭讓之心非常被強調,即收束自己不要擁有太多的權力、利益,這樣的心是禮的發端,這也可以和 RMS 的說法互相呼應。 ## Hacker 既然講到自由軟體,必然要提到 Hacker 社群了!那麼 Hacker 是什麼呢?Hacker 代表在某個領域很專精,很會處理的人,英文字出自 Hack,代表用斧頭批砍木材。古代經典思想裡,有沒有對應的元素? 有的! ### 庖丁 > 莊子 庖丁解牛 > 庖丁是為專業廚師,常支解動物烹飪,久了游刃有餘,可以精準的控制刀刃游走在肌肉關節的縫隙中,所以能夠輕鬆、快速、俐落地支解一頭牛,而幾乎不傷刀刃,一隻菜刀可以常保如新。古代的庖丁,不就是現代的 Hacker 嗎? 甚至,漢語的「理解」、「判別」、「決斷」,其中的解、判、別、斷四字,邊旁不是刀就是斤,斤就是斧頭。所謂 Hacker,在漢字的世界裡,正好呼應了理解、判別、決斷的能力呀! ### 寫詩 另外,大家知道「詩」是什麼意思嗎?詩為言寺,古漢字的寺為持 hold 之意,而寺廟的廟宇 temple 意義是後來才發展的新意。詩,代表的是學有專精很會精練語言,持守語言的能力非常好的意思。 當 Hacker 在寫程式,其實不就是在寫詩嗎? 再來,大家都知道 Unix 哲學「Do one thing and do it well」 嗎? ### 為道日損 > 老子曰 為學日益 為道日損 > Unix 所崇尚的這種哲學思想,不正是老子講對於道的追求嗎? # 結語 最後,講者為本次演講下了一個結語和大家分享: > 自由軟體立於禮讓 專權軟體必至爭霸 > 講者對於結語這段,靈感出自日本人中村正直所寫的《西國立志編.自助論第一編序》,複印並發與現場會眾分享,轉錄如下。 # 附錄 ## 西國立志編 ### 自助論第一編序 余譯是書. 客有過而問者.曰.子何不譯兵書. 余曰.子謂兵強則國賴以治安乎. 且謂西國之強由於兵乎. 是大不然. 夫西國之強.由於人民篤信天道. 由於人民有自主之權. 由於政寬法公. 拿破崙戰曰.德行之力.十倍於身體之力. [1] 斯邁而斯曰.國之強弱.關於人民之品行.[2] 又曰.真實良善.為品行之本. 蓋國者.人眾相合之稱. 故人人品行正.則風俗美. 風俗美.則一國協和. 合成一體.強何足言. 若國人品行未正.風俗未美.而徒汲汲乎兵事之是講. 其不陷而為好鬪嗜殺之俗者幾希.[3] 尚何治安之可望哉. 且由天理而論. 則欲強之一念.大悖於正矣. 何者.強者對弱之稱也. 天生斯民.欲人人同受安樂.同修道德.同崇知識.同勉藝業. 豈欲此強而彼弱.此優而彼劣哉. 故地球萬國.當以學問文藝相交.利用厚生之道.互相資益. 彼此安康.共受福祉.如此. 則何有乎較強弱競優劣哉. 夫人知天命之可畏. 以真實之心.行良善之事. 一人如此.一家如此.一國如此.天下如此. 愛日仁風.四海合驩.慈雲和氣.六合呈祥.如此.[4] 則亦何有乎甲兵銃砲之用哉. 古不云乎.兵者兇器.戰者危事也. 仁者無敵.善戰者服上刑. 一仁之命.重於全地球. 匹夫之善行.有關係於邦國天下者. 乃以貪地之故.使至貴至重之人命.橫罹極慘極毒之禍. 其違皇天之意.負造化之恩.罪不可逭矣.[5] 西國近時.大省刑罰. 然猶未能全戢干戈. 豈其教化有未洽者耶. 抑宇宙泰運之期未至耶. 嗚呼.六合之際.禮教隆盛而兵刑廢.當有日也. 恨余與子未及見之也已. 客唯唯而退.遂書以辯卷首. 歲次上章敦牂.[6] 孟夏上浣. 中村正直識. 1. 拿破崙:Napoleon Bonaparte 2. 斯邁而斯:Samuel Smiles 3. 鬪:鬥 4. 驩:歡 5. 逭:免 6. 敦牂:午年(1870) Scan of entire book available from Japanese National Diet Library: http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/755563 http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/755563/7 (page 7, preface) Biography of 中村正直 (Nakamura Masanao): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Masanao Original English book "Self Help": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Help_%28book%29 httP://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/935 ###### tags: `COSCUP2019` `跨境合作 - OSC (OSPN) 特別軌` `IB202`

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