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    總結: 鹽水是為了增加保水性(鹽蛋白變性) 溫度是為了快速通過中間的反覆凍溶解的階段 擦掉血水和碎肉是避免汙染(碎肉氧化快) 溫鹽水快速退冰後 放進冷藏 為最佳解 或是冷凍狀態直接料理 影片提到的觀點是"緩慢解凍時 在部份溫度區間 水分於肌肉組織中的再結晶 反覆凍溶 導致雞纖維破壞" https://youtu.be/_jKYjg35Cm0 只要經過冷凍 多少會因為凝結冰晶時 破壞一些東西 (雖然多數論文覺得是因為冰晶刺破細胞壁 但是有看到研究指出這不完全正確 所以查了幾十篇 也只能說不太清楚 不同肉品 不同的處理 都有不同觀點 只能根據廠商自己決定) 總之結論是冷凍過程確實會產生部分破壞 所以才會有"各種急速低溫冷凍" 而且根據肉質前處理的狀態不同 解凍時候也有不同的表現 但共通點也是只要經過解凍 也會破壞肉質 但如何降低破壞 具體似乎不同品項不同狀態有些許不同 以下資料只是到處看看 並不依定就是最好的 ## 冷凍 常見到的說法 凍結時要低溫急速冷凍來避免大冰晶 這個理解起來似乎滿直觀的 Your freezer is messing with your food https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndlylt7bMp0 <!-- [新型冷冻和解冻技术在肉类食品中的应用研究进展](http://sf1970.cnif.cn/fileup/0253-990X/HTML/2019-2-220.shtml) --> [**第七章凍結及凍藏中食品之品質變化**](https://www2.nkust.edu.tw/~ikuojm/file2/1-7.pdf) > [**冻结和解冻过程对水产品品质的影响**](http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2011.01.061) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1FBFoWnT.png) ## 解凍 但解凍時候,只知道低溫解凍好些,但不清楚中間發生了什麼,所以嘗試找了一些資料看看 <!-- [**第五章解凍**](https://www2.nkust.edu.tw/~ikuojm/file2/2-5.pdf) --> > [**两种解冻方式对淡水鱼品质影响**](http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2019.20.001) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H18I9iW3T.png) 但到底是什麼原因導致肌細胞收縮變小,搜尋到了這個 > [**魚貝類肌肉死後及貯藏中的變化**](https://fs.ntou.edu.tw/var/file/73/1073/attach/36/pta_34710_1202190_05595.pdf) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ry6vRjZ2p.png) > > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJqEsib2a.png) 至於ATP消耗等其他機轉 在這篇似乎有提到解釋 但非相關科系 還要多花點時間查資料才能理解 而之後能量消耗完分解的差不多後,僵直期結束,這時蛋白酶反應就會主導,使肌聯蛋白等肌肉間的結合力與組織力下降,開始使魚肉變的柔軟 ## 其他動物的差異 ### 豬肉 > [**不同冻结和解冻方式对猪肉品质的影响**](http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2017.19.051) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1UAr3W2p.png) > > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1gghjZ3p.png) > > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk362sZ26.png) 這篇提到解凍時**溫度上升慢比較好** ### 鴨肉 > [不同解冻方式对鸭腿肉品质特性的影响](http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030120) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJCwE2bha.png) > > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJt082-ha.png) > ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJA0D3b2p.png) 豬肉那篇提到**溫度上升快反而會使汁液流失增大**,但這裡卻說流水跟冷藏差不多,不太明白,是物種的關係嗎? 而且這篇結論說冷藏與流水最優,室溫次之,微波效果不好,但有翻到另外一篇[快速与慢速解冻对冷冻猪肉品质特性及蛋白变性的影响](http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2018.23.005) 提到微波是好的選擇,也是有點疑惑 其他還有超聲波、高壓等等,但感覺有點遠了 ## 解凍、冷凍味道的影響 似乎這幾篇文章有提到解凍過程脂質氧化、肉色的影響等 ## 小結 冷藏解凍似乎都是較好的,大致是緩慢的溫度上升,尤其是在薑值前就冷凍的魚類,可以減緩鈣離子流入細胞,來降低肌肉的收縮程度? 所以解凍的關鍵點應該是**盡量減緩溫度上升的速度**? 看一些資料下來 冷藏>室溫空氣(但有細菌滋生問題)>靜水>流水 微波則是速度最快,但效果可能介於後三著之間? 而鹽水解凍提高保水,主因感覺是 [如何使肉變嫩](/RxicLuppQm-rTZhak7xDpw)

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