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### ES5 已經有的defineProperty/物件get set 方法 #### 原本物件 vs defineProperty https://huanming.medium.com/%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3-javascript-7-object-defineproperty-c1f62d59004f 靜態方法 Object.defineProperty() 會直接對一個物件定義、或是修改現有的屬性。執行後會回傳定義完的物件。 ``` // defineProperty 預設不能寫入 let num = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, } // 依序帶入物件、屬性、參數 Object.defineProperty(num, 'a' { value: 4, writable: true, configurable: true, enumerable: true, }) ``` #### 針對已經有的屬性定義getter/setter ``` let wallet = { total: 100, } Object.defineProperty(waller, 'save', { configurable: true, // 新增這這兩行,原本預設是 false enumerable: true, // 新增這這兩行,原本預設是 false set: function(price) { this.total = this.total + price / 2 }, get: function() { return this.total / 2 } }) ``` #### Vue2以defineProperty建立響應式 如果一個物件已經有的屬性可以設置get/set 偵測讀or寫入,簡單來說就可以設計一些追蹤資料更新邏輯在裡面(酷~) **但有一個明顯缺點,如果使用者對原本的物件新增一個屬性,要怎們偵測跟原本物件沒有這個屬性,並且能夠新增?** https://juejin.cn/post/6985542810900365349 ``` function defineReactive (obj,property,val,customSetter,shallow) { observe(val) Object.defineProperty(obj, property, { get() { return val }, set(newVal) { val = newVal } }) } // observer 簡單來說就是遍歷物件有沒有這個屬性 walk (obj: Object) { const keys = Object.keys(obj) for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { defineReactive(obj, keys[i]) } } ``` ### 理解ES6 Proxy和Reflect defineProperty偵測層面是針對物件屬性,ES6 Proxy則是針對物件變動去設計。 ``` // 原本響應式物件 const obj = { foo: 1 // 新增一個函數 bar() { return this.foo } } const p = new Proxy(obj, get(target,key) { track(target,key) return target[key] } set(target,key,newVal) { target[key] = newVal trigger(target,key) } ) console.log(p.bar) // 1 ``` JS物件本身已有get/set屬性,不過是針對已經建立的屬性進行操作 https://pjchender.dev/javascript/js-object/#gettersetter https://playcode.io/javascript/getter-setter https://www.explainthis.io/zh-hant/swe/what-is-arrow-function https://kbpsystem777.github.io/You-Dont-Know-JS/scope&closures/ch5.html #### **isShallow 淺追蹤** https://vuejs.org/guide/extras/reactivity-in-depth.html#integration-with-external-state-systems Vue 官網其實有提到,因為reactive本身是監測物件內每一個屬性有變化就需要觸發更新流程,本身是耗費CPU計算和記憶體的。 immer和Vue shallow結合,簡單來說透過immer代理每一次變動回傳一個變動後的物件,再丟入Vue shallow賦予它新的物件進行監聽,因為Vue 只需要監聽最外層屬性,所以對於大物件能夠結省效能。 immer 實作原理 https://juejin.cn/post/6926099651510665230 ``` import produce from 'immer' import { shallowRef } from 'vue' export function useImmer(baseState) { const state = shallowRef(baseState) const update = (updater) => { state.value = produce(state.value, updater) } // state.value 就是原本Vue的響應式物件 return [state, update] } ``` **Vue Ref源碼解讀** https://juejin.cn/post/7065985754177994788 ``` class RefImpl<T> { private _value: T // 輸入新的值 private _rawValue: T // 紀錄原本的值 public dep?: Dep = undefined // 追蹤effect 的key值 public readonly __v_isRef = true constructor( value: T, public readonly __v_isShallow: boolean, ) { this._rawValue = __v_isShallow ? value : toRaw(value) this._value = __v_isShallow ? value : toReactive(value) } // isShallow 只需要第一層物件有響應式 // toRaw 將響應式物件Prxoy變成原本的物件 // toReactive 轉成響應式物件 get value() { trackRefValue(this) // 追蹤有用到它的相關變數 return this._value } // 當我們對響應式資料賦值------- set value(newVal) { const useDirectValue = this.__v_isShallow || isShallow(newVal) || isReadonly(newVal) newVal = useDirectValue ? newVal : toRaw(newVal) if (hasChanged(newVal, this._rawValue)) { this._rawValue = newVal this._value = useDirectValue ? newVal : toReactive(newVal) triggerRefValue(this, DirtyLevels.Dirty, newVal) } } } // hasChange 用的的是 Object.is (物件需要在同一索引位置) // 如果本身沒有使用shallow選項 則Vue自動轉換成toReative 深層式監聽物件 ``` #### Reactive 本身是深層監聽的 https://github.com/vuejs/core/blob/main/packages/reactivity/src/baseHandlers.ts https://juejin.cn/post/6951974032145121293 如果傳入的是物件,會對每一層屬性進行Prxoy屬性設定攔截器,這樣比如 ex: Product.name.id 更深層的數據變化才能監測到 Reactive handler 這裡也能利用isObject 攔截到非物件形式資料,避免Proxy error ``` if (isObject(res)) { // Convert returned value into a proxy as well. we do the isObject check // here to avoid invalid value warning. Also need to lazy access readonly // and reactive here to avoid circular dependency. return isReadonly ? readonly(res) : reactive(res); // 重点在这里。。。 } return res; ```

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