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--- layout: post title: "「论文」鼠疫传播速度的影响因子" date: 2019-11-26 tags: [论文, 鼠疫, 传播] author: Merlin from: https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1999 hackmd: 4OtXzROJTayJTsMaM1HefQ comments: true --- >历史和基因组数据揭示了第三次大流行期间鼠疫全球传播速度的影响因素 Historical and genomic data reveal the influencing factors on global transmission velocity of plague during the Third Pandemic, Lei Xu, et al. PNAS June 11, 2019 116 (24) 11833-11838; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901366116 如题,极简摘要: - 个别品系传播速度更快; - 低人口密度, 高植被覆盖(草原,森林),传播更快; - 传播速度 vs 温度成 U 型曲线,最低点 20 °C, 气候变暖加快传播。 一点有意思的观察: 该文发在四大之一的美国国家科学院院刊上,作者为中科院和中国疾病预防控制中心, 投稿时间19年初。 留意到时间线之后,另有: “苏尼特左旗委宣传部发布的信息显示,2019年3月,苏尼特左旗疾病预防控制中心组成鼠防专业工作组,在边境沿线进行了鼠防踏查,并向牧民宣讲了鼠疫的预防和防治知识。巴彦淖尔镇位于苏尼特左旗的最南边,距离边境很远。” 5月2日,“苏尼特左旗微平台”发文:“旗农牧和科技局积极组织技术人员,深入鼠害常发区进行实地调查,对草原鼠害防治工作进行了详细部署,全面启动了鼠害防治工作……做好宣传培训工作,共与各嘎查牧民签订《使用灭鼠药物的注意事项书》。共发放各类蒙、汉文鼠害防治技术操作规程500余份。” “锡林郭勒盟地方疾病防治中心的张思远曾在2019年6月在《中国地方病防治杂志》上发文:“近年来锡盟三型鼠疫(腺鼠疫、肺鼠疫、败血症)疫源地动物间鼠疫流行频繁。”该文还表示,全盟设鼠疫监测点13个,其中国家级鼠疫监测点3个,锡林郭勒盟新中国成立后发生过4次人间鼠疫,最近一次发生在2004年。” --- --- 没想通为什么"低人口密度"下传播会更快更远。不是应该相反吗? 文章中给出的解释是人多的地方防治更好,或者人少的地方传播源更可能是人(人跑得比动物快,所以传播更远)。但是好像反过来讲,人多的地方,病原人群更多,更难控制,更有可能被带出去吧? >The finding of the negative relationship between spread velocity and population density is unexpected. It is widely thought that disease would spread faster in densely populated areas because frequent contact between people and goods would facilitate disease transmission. One plausible explanation may be that, in densely populated regions (developed regions), human plague control interventions might be better than those in sparsely populated remote areas (undeveloped regions). Another explanation for this difference may be that plague in low-density areas is more frequently transmitted over long distances by trade or travel by infected humans, rather than short-distance house-to-house or neighborhood-to-neighborhood spread within villages or cities by rat–flea transmission. Our study suggests that although the number of human plague cases may be higher in densely populated rather than sparsely populated places, the spreading velocity is lower. The underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. 还有其他解释吗? [@xyz](https://2049bbs.xyz/member/2280) --- @xyz #1 正经: 人口和土地利用貌似不是独立变量。草原森林地区等适合大量繁殖的区域人本来就不多。 不正经:人多喵也多 Merlin --- @xyz #1 我觉得很有可能是 comparative 的样本问题,这是一个极度有偏的对比样本,因为现在鼠疫在中国人口密集区域没有爆发的案例吧,所以这个 spreading velocity base line 很奇怪的。只看了你的摘录,没有看原文,纯属瞎猜。默默喵了一眼原文,你就当我什么都没说。 [@小二](https://2049bbs.xyz/member/1) --- @小二 #3 我其实也没太搞清楚他们是怎么定义的velocity,文中给了另一篇paper,说velocity是一个常见的定义,我太懒了,没有追下去。我当时的理解是velocity可以看成是单位时间感染传播的新人数,或者是单位时间传播的新社区/城市。如果是后者,我大概能接受为什么"低人口密度下传播会更快更远”(更快地从一个isolated社区传到下一个社区)这个结论。如果是前者,我还是觉得应该是"高人口密度下传播会更快更远”(因为人多,所以可以更快地传播给更多的人)。 @Merlin #2 好吧,我接受喵多的解释:) 下午去劝说一下我那只20来磅的肥猫下次不要被老鼠或者松鼠吓到了... xyz [@xyz](https://2049bbs.xyz/member/2280) ###### tags: `论文` `鼠疫` `传播`

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