同志社 経済 高井ゼミ2019
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    ## CH3 人間とエネルギーの人類史 10/29 ![](https://i.imgur.com/u1Q4Cyh.png) エネルギ->動力機関->動力 ー資源->熱・灯り ———————————————————— 「エネルギー資源」+「動力機関」 ・狩猟採集時代 ・農耕時代 ・産業革命以降 ![](https://i.imgur.com/i8lYfbw.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/WMaEinD.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/eZ7boQ0.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/X0mdrRE.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/n6LG29I.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/tQZ7l2P.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ewmVluv.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/pIoWorl.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/VGc6JBT.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/k4Ok5Kc.png) ———————————————————— 化石燃料はいつ始まった? ~産業革命以前のイギリス~ 以前から石炭の利用はあった しかし、動力を得られたのは、蒸気機関を得られたため石炭経済は革命以降 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7K9NQTV.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/1UPvvM4.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/umIt7yy.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ozlDEBV.png) ———————————————————— イギリスは炭鉱が多く石炭に恵まれていた ———————————————————— ワットの蒸気機関は画期的だった![](https://i.imgur.com/kwGapYJ.png) ——————————————————————— 産業革命以前の「輸送」 ![](https://i.imgur.com/CeyBzYL.png)![](https://i.imgur.com/uwBoqDt.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/kJP9B8A.png) ——————————————————————— 石炭+蒸気機関の輸送力 ・石炭による石炭社会の自己完結性 ->石炭の消費量は加速度的に増加 ・大量の人物を遠く早く安価に輸送->市場の拡大 ![](https://i.imgur.com/sdUwNOF.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/SQdcGwW.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/KhKOMLz.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/Tb9pCzu.png) ———————————————————————— ![](https://i.imgur.com/u4iAaIE.png) 動力を石炭で得られるようになってから、指数関数的に出炭量が増えている ———————————————————————— ![](https://i.imgur.com/K62HY04.png) だんだん下がってきた ———————————————————————— ジェボンズパラドクス<->リバウンド効果 ————————————————————————— なぜ石炭社会に入るのが、数千年前だったのか? 動力として利用できるようになったライン -------------- ## 10/31 質問コーナー ・コブダグラス型関数についてわからない ->ミクロ経済学・マクロ経済学に出てくる 「石炭+蒸気機関」時代→「石油+内燃機関」時代へ U画像 内燃機関 U画像 パワーを上げながら動力を小さくするのを改良していった ディーゼル:ガソリンよりも圧倒的にやすい、トラック、船など物流に使われる 鯨油:どんどん減っていった 現在は石油かける内燃機関の時代に生きている、150年くらいかかった! 化石燃料+動力: ——————————— バイオマス時代->化石燃料 ・生産要素 土地、労働 -> 資本、化石燃料、労働 ・経済成長 遅い->はやい ・一人あたりの経済成長 マルサスの罠->速い ———————————— 所得の長期推移:物質的な豊かさは産業革命から右肩上がり、それまでは横ばい 労働者賃金(小麦量換算) U画像 消費カロリー(一人一日当たり) U画像 : —————————————— 1800年までの経済:「マルサスの罠」 Y:総所得 y : 一人あたり所得 N:人口 B:出生率 D : 死亡率 ————————— 1. y↑ ー> B↑ 一人あたり所得が上がると、出生率が上がる 2. y↑ ー> D↓  一人あたり所得が上がると死亡率がさがる 3. N↑ ー> y↓ 人口が上がると1人当たり所得が下がる 縦軸Y、横軸N:人口が増えても、土地の量が増えない限り、生産量は増えない、つまり人口増加にたいして、生産量はだんだんとなだらかになっていく、Y=F(L,Z)レイバーとゾーンのうちゾーンは増やすのが難しい y=Y/N yは右肩下がりになっていく、 図 「出生、死亡率と豊かさ、所得の関係」と他のグラフ -「人口と所得の関係」 - -「技術進歩と人口の関係」 - 技術進歩は所得の上昇に影響を与えない、ただ人口を増やすだけ —————————————— ガロア ### 11/5 図 「出生、死亡率と豊かさ、所得の関係」と他のグラフ 「人口と所得の関係」 「技術進歩と人口の関係」 - 技術進歩は所得の上昇に影響を与えない、ただ人口を増やすだけ —————————————— ガロア  

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