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    # 03諫逐客書/李斯 原文第1段 :::warning 臣聞吏議逐客,竊以為過矣。 ::: 臣聽說宗室大臣們建議驅逐客卿,臣私下認為這是不對的。 .原文第2段 :::warning 昔繆公求士,西取由余於戎,東得百里奚於宛,迎蹇叔於宋,來丕豹、公孫支於晉。此五子者,不產於秦,而繆公用之,并國二十,遂霸西戎。孝公用商鞅之法,移風易俗,民以殷盛,國以富彊,百姓樂用,諸侯親服,獲楚、魏之師,舉地千里,至今治彊。惠王用張儀之計,拔三川之地,西并巴、蜀,北收上郡,南取漢中,包九夷,制鄢、郢,東據成皋之險,割膏腴之壤,遂散六國之從,使之西面事秦,功施到今。昭王得范睢,廢穰侯,逐華陽,彊公室,杜私門,蠶食諸侯,使秦成帝業。此四君者,皆以客之功。由此觀之,客何負於秦哉!向使四君卻客而不內,疏士而不用,是使國無富利之實,而秦無彊大之名也。 ::: 從前穆公延攬才俊,西方從西戎國聘請由余,東方從宛國贖得百里奚,又派人到宋國迎接蹇叔,從晉國招致丕豹、公孫支。這五個人,都不是秦國人,可是穆公重用他們,併吞二十多個國家,於是稱霸西戎。孝公用商鞅變法,轉移風氣改變習俗,人民因此殷盛,國家富強,老百姓樂於為國效力,諸侯也親附順從,先後俘擄楚、魏兩國的軍隊,占領千里的土地,一直到現在都安定強大。惠王用張儀的計策,攻下三川地區,西邊併吞巴郡和蜀郡,北邊佔領上郡,南邊攻取漢中,兼併許多蠻夷部落,控制楚國鄢、郢一帶,東邊佔據成皋險要的地區,割取肥沃的土地,於是拆散六國的合縱,使諸侯爭先恐後向西侍奉秦國,這項功業一直延續到今日。昭王得到范雎,於是罷去穰侯,驅逐華陽君到關外,鞏固王室的權柄,杜絕私人的勢力,而後逐漸併吞諸侯的土地,使秦國完成稱帝的基礎。以上這四位君主—穆公、孝公、惠王、昭王,都曾憑藉客卿的功勞。從這些歷史事實看來,客卿有什麼對不起秦國的?假使這四位君主,拒絕客卿而不接納,疏遠賢才而不重用,那麼國家就無法富足得利,而秦國也就無法強盛壯大了。 .原文第3段 :::warning 今陛下致昆山之玉,有隨、和之寶,垂明月之珠,服太阿之劍,乘纖離之馬,建翠鳳之旗,樹靈鼉之鼓。此數寶者,秦不生一焉,而陛下說之,何也?必秦國之所生然後可,則是夜光之璧不飾朝廷,犀象之器不為玩好,鄭、衛之女不充後宮,而駿良駃騠不實外廄,江南金錫不為用,西蜀丹青不為采。所以飾後宮充下陳娛心意說耳目者,必出於秦然後可,則是宛珠之簪,傅璣之珥,阿縞之衣,錦繡之飾不進於前,而隨俗雅化佳冶窈窕趙女不立於側也。夫擊甕叩缶彈箏搏髀,而歌呼嗚嗚快耳者,真秦之聲也;鄭、衛、桑閒、昭、虞、武、象者,異國之樂也。今棄擊甕叩缶而就鄭衛,退彈箏而取昭虞,若是者何也?快意當前,適觀而已矣。今取人則不然。不問可否,不論曲直,非秦者去,為客者逐。然則是所重者在乎色樂珠玉,而所輕者在乎人民也。此非所以跨海內制諸侯之術也。 ::: 現在陛下獲得昆山所產的美玉,有隋侯珠、和氏璧,懸掛夜光珠,佩帶太阿劍,騎著纖離馬,豎立翠鳳旗,架設靈鼉鼓。這幾種寶物,秦國一種也沒出產,然而陛下喜歡它,是什麼原因?一定要秦國生產的才可以,那麼夜裡放光的寶玉,就不應該裝飾在朝廷中;犀牛角、象牙所製成的器皿,就不應該拿來把玩欣賞;鄭、衛等外國的美女,就不應該充列在後宮;而北狄所產的駃騠等駿馬,也不該養在宮外的馬棚;同時江南所出產的黃金、白錫不該使用;西蜀出產的丹砂靛青也不該拿來作為彩繪裝飾。用來裝飾後宮,充作姬妾的美女,娛樂心意,取悅耳目的事物,一定要出產自秦國才可以,那麼綴著宛珠的髮簪,鑲著珠璣的耳環,東阿特製的白絹衣,織錦刺繡的裝飾,不會進獻到君王的面前;而趨隨時尚,打扮得高雅別致,容貌嬌豔,體態美好的趙國美女,也不可能侍候在陛下左右了。再說到擊陶甕、敲瓦盆、彈竹箏、拍大腿,嗚嗚地歌唱,讓耳朵舒適的,才是秦國的音樂。那些鄭、衛、桑間的歌謠,舜的韶虞、周朝武象,是別國的音樂。現在大王您捨棄敲打陶甕瓦盆而接近鄭、衛,放棄彈奏竹箏而採用韶虞,這樣做是為了什麼?還不是為了眼前的快樂,適合觀賞罷了,現在任用人才,卻不是這樣,不問才能的優劣,不論品德的好壞,不是秦國人就罷黜,凡是客卿就趨逐。這樣看來,那麼大王所看重的是在美色、音樂、珍珠、寶玉,而所輕視的是人民了。這不是用來統一天下,掌控諸侯的好辦法! .原文第4段 :::warning 臣聞地廣者粟多,國大者人眾,兵彊則士勇。是以太山不讓土壤,故能成其大;河海不擇細流,故能就其深;王者不卻眾庶,故能明其德。是以地無四方,民無異國,四時充美,鬼神降福,此五帝、三王之所以無敵也。今乃棄黔首以資敵國,卻賓客以業諸侯,使天下之士退而不敢西向,裹足不入秦,此所謂「藉寇兵而齎盜糧」者也。 ::: 我聽說土地廣大的就糧食充足,國家強大的人口就眾多,軍隊強盛的士兵就勇敢。所以泰山不捨棄任何小粒土壤,才能成就它的高大;河海不捨棄任何小條水流,才能成就它的深廣;想要稱王天下的人,不拒絕眾民,才能顯揚他的盛德。所以地域不分東西南北,人民不分本國外國,國家時時富足而美好,鬼神也降臨福澤,這就是五帝三王沒有可匹敵對手的原因!現在您竟然拋棄人民來幫助敵國,辭退賓客讓他們協助其他諸侯建立功業,使天下的賢才,不敢向西侍奉秦國,停住腳步,從此不踏入秦國,這樣就是所謂提供武器給敵人,送糧食給盜賊啊! .原文第5段 :::warning 夫物不產於秦,可寶者多;士不產於秦,而願忠者眾。今逐客以資敵國,損民以益讎,內自虛而外樹怨於諸侯,求國無危,不可得也。  ::: 物品雖然不是在秦國出產的,但是值得珍貴的很多;人才雖然不是在秦國出生的,可是願意效忠秦國的也不少。現在趨逐客卿去幫助敵國,減損人民而使仇敵得益,使自己內部空虛,在外又跟諸侯結怨,想讓國家平安沒有危險,這是辦不到的!

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