# Table of Content
Translator: Ted Liu, Reviewer: Ted Liu

## Preface

## OSS Questionnaire

### 1. Background of the Report

### 2. Preview of Questionnaire Results

### 3. Questionnaire Analysis

#### 3.1 Characteristics of the Respondents

3.1.1 Distribution of Age, Gender, Education, Region

3.1.2 Distribution of Industry and Occupation

#### 3.2 Open Source Participation Status

3.2.1 Level of Participation in Open Source Communities

3.2.2 Use of Open Source Products

3.2.3 Technology Direction

3.2.4 Communication Methods

#### 3.3 Open Source Contribution Status

3.3.1 Participation of Universities in Open Source

3.3.2 Open Source Contribution Approach

3.3.3 Open Source Contribution Types

3.3.4 Incentive Mechanism

#### 3.4 Community Operations Survey

3.4.1 Overview of Open Source Communities

3.4.2 Open Source Community Management

3.4.3 Open Source Software Commercialization Survey

#### 3.5 Open Source Development Survey

3.5.1 Open Source Development Trends

3.5.2 The Impact and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence on Developers and the Open Source Ecosystem

## OSS Data Analytics

### Overview

### 1. Overall Macro Insights

#### 1.1 Base Event

1.1.1 GitHub Holistic Event Trends

1.1.2 Trend Comparison of GitHub and Gitee Event Counts

1.1.3 Segmented Event Type Analysis

#### 1.2 Active Repositories
1.2.1 GitHub Global Active Repositories Trends
1.2.2 Gitee Global Active Repositories Trends

#### 1.3 Active Developers

1.3.1 GitHub Overall Active User Trends

1.3.2 Geographical Distribution of Developers

#### 1.4 Programming Language

1.4.1 List of Programming Languages Used by Developers in 2024

1.4.2 Trends in Developer Use of Programming Languages 2019-2024

#### 1.5 Summary & Trending Insights

### 2. OpenRank Rankings

### 2.1 Ranking of Global Projects

### 2.2 Ranking of China Projects

### 2.3 Ranking of Global Compies

### 2.4 Ranking of Chinese Companies

### 2.5 Ranking of Open Source Foundations

### 2.6 Global Developer Ranking by Region

### 2.7 China Developer Ranking by Region

### 2.8 Global Ranking of Fastest Emerging Projects

### 2.9 Summary & Trending Insights

### 3. Enterprise Insights

#### 3.1 Global Enterprise OpenRank Evolution in the Last 10 Years

#### 3.2 China Enterprise OpenRank Evolution in the Last 10 Years

#### 3.3 Change in OpenRank for Global Companies in 2024

#### 3.4 Change in OpenRank for China Companies in 2024

#### 3.5 An interpretation at DaoCloud, the Chinese company that rose to prominence in 2024

3.5.1 DaoCloud Enterprise Insights Dashboard

3.5.2 Ecological Collaboration Network of DaoCloud Core Project - DaoCloud-docs

3.5.3 Community Collaboration Network of DaoCloud Core Project - DaoCloud-docs

3.5.4 Ecological Collaboration Network of DaoCloud Core Project - public-image-mirror

3.5.5 Community Collaboration Network of DaoCloud Core Project - public-image-mirror

### 4. Foundation Insights

#### 4.1 OpenRank Trend Analysis of Global Foundations

#### 4.2 OpenRank Trend Analysis of Global Foundation Projects

#### 4.3 OpenRank Trend Analysis of the Global Foundation's Chinese Projects

#### 4.4 OpenRank Trend Analysis of Chinese Projects Under the Linux Foundation

### 4.5 OpenRank Analysis of Projects Under the OpenAtom Foundation

### 5. Technology Insights

#### 5.1 Trends in the Technical Subfields over the Past 5 years

#### 5.2 OpenRank of Top 10 Projects in Each Category over the Past 5 Years

#### 5.3 OpenRank of Top 10 Projects in Each Sub-category

### 6. Open Source Project Insights

#### 6.1 Project Category

6.1.1 Proportion of Project Categories

6.1.2 Proportion of OpenRank Totals by Project Categories

6.1.3 Trends in OpenRank Changes for Different Project Types Over the Past 5 Years

#### 6.2 Project Topic Analysis

6.2.1 Popular Topics

6.2.2 The Total OpenRank Trend of Popular Topics' Repositories

#### 6.3 Database Project Analysis

6.3.1 Growth Trends in the Database Domain Over the Past Five Years and the Changing Trends in the Concentration of Top 10 Leading Projects

6.3.2 Growth Trends in Various Subdomains of Databases Over the Past Five Years

6.3.3 OpenRank Rankings and Activity Rankings with Proportions in Database Subdomains

6.3.4 Open Source Quadrant Charts for Projects in Various Subdomains of the Database Field

6.3.5 Analysis of Working Hours of Open Source Database Projects

#### 6.4 Project Analysis in the Field of Generative AI

6.4.1 Growth Trends of GenAI Categories in the Past Five Years

6.4.2 Generative AI Projects: OpenRank and Top 10 Activity Trends

6.4.3 2024 Top 10 Generative AI Projects by OpenRank and Activity

### 7. Developer Insights

#### 7.1 Developers' Geographical Distribution

7.1.1 Geographic Distribution of Active GitHub Developers

7.1.2 Active GitHub Developers by Country/Region

#### 7.2 Developer Work Time Analysis

7.2.1 Global Developer Working Hours Distribution

7.2.2 Project Working Hours Distribution

#### 7.3 Developer Persona Analysis

7.3.1 Distribution of the Number of Roles 2024

7.3.2 New Additions by Role in 2024

7.3.3 Developer Evolution Perspective

#### 7.4 Bot Account Perspectives

7.4.1 Bot Account Event Changes

7.4.2 Analysis of Bot Account Event Changes

7.4.3 Bot Account 7x24 Hour Activity Heatmap

### 8. Commercial Open Source Insights

#### 8.1 Definition of Commercial Open Source

#### 8.2 Analysis of Commercial Open Source Companies

#### 8.3 Analysis of Commercial Open Source Projects

#### 8.4 OpenRank Trends of Commercial Open Source Projects in the Last 5 Years

#### 8.5 OpenRank Trends for Commercial Open Source Companies over the Last 5 Years

#### 8.6 Case Studies

### 9. Open Source Insights for Higher Education

#### 9.1 OSPP Macro Analysis

#### 9.2 OSPP Annual Student-College-Related Distribution Analysis

#### 9.3 Contribution Analysis of OSPP by Year

9.3.1 University Contribution

9.3.2 Student Contribution

## OSS Commercialization

### Overview

### 1. Capital spotlight hits AI Infra again, is open source still a good card?

#### 1.1 Recently, the capital market's investment in open source has become more cautious. What are the contributing factors? Is the future outlook positive?

#### 1.2 How should enterprises and startup teams seek new sources of support and resources?

#### 1.3 Does that mean it's essential to formulate a commercialization plan as early as possible?

#### 1.4 In the past year, foundational AI models have attracted developers and customers through 'free' offerings and 'price wars.' Could this once again imply a culture of free usage, impacting the willingness to pay for software?

#### 1.5 Are there more opportunities in the AI field?

#### 1.6 In the middle layer of the AI field, there are many niche directions. How can companies and teams identify a long-term, sustainable direction rather than a short-term or transitional solution? Is there a possibility of future monopolization by major cloud providers?

#### 1.7 Are you optimistic about the overall entrepreneurial environment in the next phase? Which directions are more likely to experience rapid growth?

#### 1.8 What are the key observations regarding the most closely watched AI programming trends?

#### 1.9 Will open source continue to play a significant role in driving the software industry forward in the future?

#### 1.10 Open source is an investment for companies. For early-stage companies, how can they balance this investment?

### 2. When benchmarking against the U.S. loses its relevance, Chinese open source should find its own rhythm

#### 2.1 Recently, the capital market has become more subdued, and the enthusiasm for open-source software has also waned. How should we understand and assess this shift in market sentiment?

#### 2.2 Early-stage open-source companies invest more time and resources in refining their products. How do investment institutions view software companies with longer growth cycles? Do they prefer an earlier commercialization phase to validate the product?

#### 2.3 Would this impact investment institutions' willingness to invest in open-source projects or infrastructure software projects?

#### 2.4 In the current domestic business environment, open-source enterprises face many obstacles. What are the most critical challenges?

#### 2.5 What key aspects should be focused on in the commercialization process of open-source software?

#### 2.6 How should open-source enterprises evaluate whether to invest resources in international expansion?

#### 2.7 Is the outlook for open-source software startups and growth still optimistic in the near future?

#### 2.8 What can be learned from rapidly growing companies or projects?

#### 2.9 How can product design align with current real-world needs while avoiding becoming merely a transitional solution?

#### 2.10 What examples do you consider to be healthy open-source projects?

#### 2.11 What are the characteristics of projects that fall short of expectations?

#### 2.12 How can a project be assessed and evaluated? What are the key reference criteria?

### 3. Only when a single transaction reaches a million dollars can infrastructure enterprises dare to discuss the next steps

#### 3.1 When will the next cycle be for open-source software to regain capital attention after the current downturn?

#### 3.2 During downturns, should companies still leverage open source for growth? (How to build confidence in open source and maintain continuous investment)

#### 3.3 How should companies balance their resource investment in open source at different stages?

#### 3.4 Some projects secure ample funding during periods of high capital interest but still struggle with stagnant growth. How can they break out of this predicament?

#### 3.5 How can an infrastructure software company determine whether its technology has the potential to continue evolving in its respective field?

#### 3.6 What is a reasonable timeframe for an infrastructure software project to achieve commercialization validation?

### 4. Through market cycles, infrastructure software remains the best investment target

#### 4.1 2024 is yet another challenging year for open-source technology and infrastructure software. What difficulties will it face this year?

#### 4.2 Has the capital market adjusted its expectations for infrastructure software?

#### 4.3 How should infrastructure software companies decide whether to open source?

#### 4.4 How should companies determine which parts to open source, as well as the extent and method of open-sourcing?

#### 4.5 How can companies validate the impact of open-sourcing and make necessary adjustments?

#### 4.6 In the current macro environment, what promising aspects of infrastructure software are still worth investing in?

#### 4.7 How can the business health of an infrastructure software company be assessed?

#### 4.8 Which companies have successfully navigated market cycles in an ideal and sustainable way?

## Open Source AI

### 1. Overview

### 2. 2024 Global Open Source AI: Current Status and Development

#### 2.1 2024 Open-Source AI Panorama

#### 2.2 2024 Artificial Intelligence Timeline

### 3. 2024 Artificial Intelligence Panorama Report

#### 3.1 Research: Technological Breakthroughs and Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence

#### 3.2 Industry: Commercial Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Its Business Impact

#### 3.3 Policy: AI Regulation, Economic Impact, and the Evolving Geopolitics of AI

#### 3.4 Safety: Identifying and Mitigating the Catastrophic Risks of Future High-Capability AI Systems

#### 3.5 Looking Forward

#### 3.6 Future Predictions: 10 predictions for AI developments in the next 12 months

### 4. 2024 AI Status and Development in China

#### 4.1 China's AI startup leader

#### 4.2 Chinese AI vendors start a global price war

### 5. World Modeling and Spatial Intelligence

#### 5.1 World Modeling

#### 5.2 Spatial Intelligence

#### 5.3 Application Examples (partial)

### 6. Embodied Intelligence

#### 6.1 Concepts and connotations

#### 6.2 Key Technologies and Progress

#### 6.3 Industry Ecology and Composition

#### 6.4 Development Pathways and Modalities

#### 6.5 Technology Provider Focus

#### 6.6 Open Source Embodied Intelligent Robots

#### 6.7 One More Thing! Open Source Generative AI Enabling Embodied Intelligence, Genesis Officially Released

### 7. AI Agent

#### 7.1 Course of Evolution

#### 7.2 Definition and Core Components

#### 7.3 Types and Characteristics

#### 7.4 Work Paradigms are being Upended

#### 7.5 Areas of Application

#### 7.6 AI Agent Ecosystem Mapping in China

#### 7.7 Impacts and Response Measures

### 8. The Compressed 21st Century

## OSS Chronicle

### Preface

### 1. Open Source Technologies

#### 1.1 Operating Systems and Programming Languages

#### 1.2 Data Infra

#### 1.3 AI & AI Apps

#### 1.4 IoT and Open Source Hardware

### 2. Open Source Software Security

#### 2.1 Malicious Code and Backdoor Implants

#### 2.2 Tampering and Dependency Hijacking of Code Bases, Artifacts, and Codes

#### 2.3 Building Systems and Containers

#### 2.4 Credential theft and exploitation

#### 2.5 Spelling Error Hijacking and Fake Bags

#### 2.6 Attacks on AI Modeling and Training

#### 2.7 Social Engineering and Insider Threats

#### 2.8 Encryption and Signature Tampering and Malware Distribution

#### 2.9 National Supply Chain Attacks

#### 2.10 Global Actions and Updates

#### 2.11 Other Risk Incidents

#### 2.12 Relevant Domestic Actions

### 3. Open Source Community Ecology

#### 3.1 Dynamics of Key Persons

#### 3.2 Community Dynamics and Controversies

#### 3.3 Personnel Changes in Open Source Organizations and Teams

#### 3.4 Project Disputes and Team Changes

#### 3.5 Open Source Industry & Ecology

#### 3.6 International Collaboration

### 4. Open Source Licensing and Compliance Governance

#### 4.1 Case Ruling Highlights Elevated Status of Open Source License

#### 4.2 Controversial Incident Highlights the Difficulty of Reconciling the Interests of Multiple Stakeholders

#### 4.3 National Standards in the Field of Open Source Have Been Released One after Another, and SBOM Has Become the Focus of the Standards

#### 4.4 New Breakthroughs in Open Source Licensing in Emerging Fields, Models, Hardware Licenses Officially Released

### 5. Open Source Commercialization

### 6. Open Source Education

#### 6.1 Open Source Educational Practices

#### 6.2 Open-Source Education Takes Root on Campus

#### 6.3 Open Source Educational Theory Research

#### 6.4 Evaluation Mechanisms for Open-Source Education

#### 6.5 Teacher Training and Academic Forums/Conferences on Open Source Education

### 7. Open Source Policies

#### 7.1 China Domestic Policies

#### 7.2 International Policies