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Visual Studio Code 基本介紹 === :pencil: t7yang :date: 2018 # 基本資料 - Visual Studio Code ≠ Visual Studio - 免費、開放原始碼 - 微軟力作 - 每個月更新一次、Insiders 版本平日每日更新 - 編輯器的好處 + IDE 的體驗 - Language Server - Debugger - Git 整合 - 套件 * N - 社群 # 快速鍵對應(key map) - [Sublime Text Keymap and Settings Importer](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.sublime-keybindings) - [Atom Keymap](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.atom-keybindings) # 外觀總攬(主題、設定等) - 應用程式選單 - 工作區 / 編輯器 - 小地圖 - 側邊欄 - 檔案總管(`ctrl + shift + e`) - 搜尋(`ctrl + shift + f`) - Git(`ctrl + shift + g`) - 套件(`ctrl + shift + x`) - 偵錯(`ctrl + shift + d`) - 狀態列 - 通知 - 命令選擇列(`ctrl + shift + p` / `F1`) - 整合終端機(`ctrl + ‵`) - 介面語言(`F1, display language`) # 主題 一個好的主題主題看起來賞心悅目,也有它的實用角度(何者在投影下顯示得更清楚)。 內建推薦: - dark+ default - abyss 主題套件推薦: - one dark 系列 - [Atom One Dark Theme](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=akamud.vscode-theme-onedark) - [Stoic One Dark](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=cumbreras.stoic-one-dark) - [One Dark Space Gray Theme](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=fivepointseven.vscode-theme-onedark-spacegray) - material 系列 - [Material Theme](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Equinusocio.vsc-material-theme) - 天天換系列 - [Dobri Next - Themes and Icons](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=sldobri.bunker) BONUS - [Hyper Term Theme](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=hsnazar.hyper-term-theme) - [vscodethemes](https://vscodethemes.com) - [Material Icon Theme]() # 字型 字型首要考量的是易於辨識、當然如果有一些特殊才藝會更好。 [Fira Code](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode) 取自 Firefox OS 字型經過改造,更適合用於程式設計開發,具有好辨識、等寬、連字等效果。 VSCode 非常聰明,它會自動 fallback 無法顯示的字型,中文的部分可以設定 fallback。 ```json= { "editor.fontFamily": "Fira Code, '思源黑體 Medium'", "editor.fontLigatures": true, "editor.fontSize": 14, "editor.lineHeight": 30, } ``` # 編輯器 編輯器(Editor)是 VSCode 裡面最要內容區,也是寫程式的地方。天天面對的地方一定要調好調順。 ## 內建設定 ```json= { // 效能考量 "editor.minimap.renderCharacters": false, // 使用體驗 "editor.smoothScrolling": true, "editor.renderIndentGuides": false, "editor.renderWhitespace": "none", "editor.showFoldingControls": "always", "editor.snippetSuggestions": "top", // 規格 "editor.tabSize": 2, "editor.wordWrap": "on", "files.eol": "\n", // BONUS "breadcrumbs.enabled": true, "window.titleBarStyle": "custom", } ``` ## 套件補完 - [Bracket Pair Colorizer](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=CoenraadS.bracket-pair-colorizer) - [indent-rainbow](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=oderwat.indent-rainbow) ## 在編輯器之間切換 - 這個快速鍵不論在何處都可以快速切換到編輯器的群組,譬如從整合終端機或是側邊欄 - `ctrl + [1-9]` - 在群組內快速切換分頁 - `alt + [1-9]` - `ctrl + tab` - 控制分頁在群組之間移動 - `alt + ←→` # emmet emmet 已經成為 HTML 程式設計的一個基本工具和技能。 ```json= { "emmet.showExpandedAbbreviation": "inMarkupAndStylesheetFilesOnly", "emmet.includeLanguages": { "javascript": "javascriptreact", "vue-html": "html" }, "emmet.triggerExpansionOnTab": true, } ``` # 排版 排版工具可以讓程式碼的編排更一致,減少人為排版的工作。 - JavaScript, Markdown 等多種語言的排版 - [prettier](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=esbenp.prettier-vscode) - HTML (內建) ```json= { // 自動整理匯入,移除沒使用的匯入 "editor.codeActionsOnSave": { "source.organizeImports": true }, "editor.formatOnSave": true, // HTML 排版 "html.format.maxPreserveNewLines": 2, "html.format.wrapAttributes": "force-aligned", // prettier 套件排版組態(最後套用) "prettier.printWidth": 100, "prettier.singleQuote": true, "prettier.trailingComma": "all", } ``` BONUS 快速鍵 - `alt + shift + o`:移除未使用的匯入 - `alt + shift + f`:排版 # 常用快速操作方式(快速鍵) :::info VSCode 提供互動式試用體驗(`alt + h, i, enter`)。 ::: ## 註解 - 單列註解 `ctrl + /` - 多列註解 `alt + shift + a` ## 多重游標操作 - 上下增加多重游標 - `ctrl + alt ↑↓` - `alt + click` - 多重游標方塊選取 - `alt + shift + drag` ## 內容異動 - 往下複製目前列 - `alt + shift + ↑↓` - 選取,`ctrl + drag` - 刪除此列 - `ctrl + shift + k` - `alt + ↑↓` ## 選取 - 選取下一個 - `ctrl + d` - 選取所有 - `ctrl + F2` - 擴張選取(括號的內容) - `shift + alt + →` ## 檔案格式或編碼 - 切換檔案格式 - `ctrl + K, m` # IDE 體驗 VSCode 可以有近乎 IDE 等級的體驗,一堆==重構神器==,用過之後就回不去了。 :::info VSCode 提供互動式試用體驗(`alt + h, i, enter`)。 ::: ## Codelens 程式碼追蹤 ```json= { "editor.codeLens": true, // 預設 true "javascript.referencesCodeLens.enabled": true, "typescript.implementationsCodeLens.enabled": true, "typescript.referencesCodeLens.enabled": true, } ``` :::info - [Toggle - 快速切換設定](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=rebornix.toggle) - [TSLens - 更多的 Codelens](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=MaxGotovkin.tslens) ::: ## 重新命名符號(Rename) - 游標在符號(變數)上 `F2` - 滑鼠游標在符號上右鍵選單 ## 移至定義及預覽定義 - 移至定義 - `ctrl + click` - `F12` - 預覽定義 - `ctrl + hover` - `alt + F12` ## 提示:重構、快速修復 - ES2015 重構,類別重構(方法抽出,prototype => class) - 模組匯入提示(ES Module - Commonjs Module) - 自動匯入(TypeScript) - 抽出檔案重構 / [Move TS](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=stringham.move-ts) - promise vs async await ## JS as TS 轉寫 JS 卻可以得到 TS 的 typing 和 type checking 體驗。 ```javascript= // @ts-check import webpack from 'webpack'; /* @type webpack.Configuration */ const config = { /* type checking and intellinsense here */ } ``` # 檔案總管 ## 快速建立檔案 / 資料夾 - `ctrl + shift + e` 跳到檔案總管 - 方向鍵上下左快速移動 - 利用自動快速鍵建立檔案或資料夾 - 建議 `ctrl + alt + a` 建立檔案 - 建議 `ctrl + shift + alt + a` 建立資料夾 - 建立檔案時可以直接輸入巢狀路徑 # 搜尋 - 搜尋列 - 移至 `ctrl + f` - 關閉 `esc` - 全選搜尋 `alt + enter` - 搜尋側邊欄 - 主要是針對資料夾搜尋 # Git VSCode 整合了圖形化介面的 Git ,讓開發者幾乎可以在不需要用命令列的方式完成大部分 Git 操作。 ## 內建設定 ```json= { "git.autofetch": true, "git.autorefresh": false, // 減少頻繁讀取 git 狀態,自訂快速鍵 "git.path": "/path/to/git/exe", } ``` ## Git 套件 - 自動產生 `.gitignore` - [.gitignore Generator](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=piotrpalarz.vscode-gitignore-generator) - 快速在檔案總管切換忽略狀態 - [ignore "g" it](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Andreabbondanza.ignoregit) - 詳細檢視 Git 紀錄 - [Git History](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=donjayamanne.githistory) - 最有名的 Git 套件 - [GitLens — Git supercharged](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=eamodio.gitlens) ## 其他 - 一定要善用命令選取列(`ctrl + shift + p / F1`),幾乎所有 Git 命令都可以透過,包含像 `git commit --amend`。 - 已經內建 Git 衝突 Codelens 輕鬆點選就能決定採用何者。 # 整合終端機 VSCode 整合了終端機,不需要離開 VSCode 的情況下就可以下指令。整合終端機還是自訂要使用哪個 shell ,一切都這麼美好。 ## 終端機設定 以 Windows 為例,改成 bash ```json= { "terminal.external.windowsExec": "DRIVE:\\path\\to\\bash.exe", "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "DRIVE:\\path\\to\\bash.exe", "terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": ["-l"], } ``` :::info - 記得在 `%HOME%` 設定好 .bashrc 和 .bash_profile - 可以讓 .bash_profile 自動讀取 .bashrc 不用兩邊設定 ```bash= if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then source ~/.bashrc fi ``` ::: ## 快速鍵 終端機是開發時非常容易切換焦點的地方,熟記快速鍵是必要的技能。 - 切換整合是終端機 - `ctrl + ‵` - 建立新的整合終端機 - `ctrl + shift + ‵` - 建立新的終端機 - `ctrl + shift + c` - 切割終端機 - `ctrl + \` - 切換整合終端機聚焦 - `alt + ↑↓←→` 建議自訂聚焦終端機快速鍵,這樣可以跟編輯器來回切換 `ctrl [1-9]` - 聚焦終端機 - `alt + ‵` # 延伸套件 ## 檢查 / 格式化 - [EditorConfig for VS Code](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=EditorConfig.EditorConfig) - [Prettier - Code formatter](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=esbenp.prettier-vscode) ## 體驗提升 - [Auto Add Brackets in String Interpolation](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=aliariff.auto-add-brackets) - [Bracket Pair Colorizer](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=CoenraadS.bracket-pair-colorizer) - [indent-rainbow](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=oderwat.indent-rainbow) - [bracket-padder](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=viablelab.bracket-padder) - [change-case](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=wmaurer.change-case) ## HTML / CSS - [Auto Rename Tag](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=formulahendry.auto-rename-tag) - [colorize](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kamikillerto.vscode-colorize) - [HTML CSS Support](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ecmel.vscode-html-css) ## JS / TS - [Hyper JavaScript Snippets](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=t7yang.hyper-javascript-snippets) - [Path Intellisense](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=christian-kohler.path-intellisense) - [Node.js Module Intellisense](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=leizongmin.node-module-intellisense) - [Quokka.js](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=WallabyJs.quokka-vscode) - [Sort JSON objects](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=richie5um2.vscode-sort-json) ## Angular - [Angular Language Service](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Angular.ng-template) - [Angular Schematics](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=cyrilletuzi.angular-schematics) - [Angular Files](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=alexiv.vscode-angular2-files) ## 其他 - [Markdown All in One](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yzhang.markdown-all-in-one) - [Projects+](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=fabiospampinato.vscode-projects-plus) - [Syncing](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=nonoroazoro.syncing)

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