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    # Postman 使用教學 ## 前言 講解 Postman 較常使用特別的功能,像是如何下載檔案之類的。 ## 目錄 * [介紹/基本概念](#介紹/基本概念) * [建立下載檔案](#建立下載檔案) * [怎麼下載檔案](#怎麼下載檔案) * [Postman 旁邊小視窗功能](#Postman-旁邊小視窗功能) * [Authentication](#Authentication) * [參考資料](#參考資料) ## 介紹/基本概念 ### 建立下載檔案 #### TXT ##### 建立 RestController ```java= @RestController public class APIController { @GetMapping("/txt") public String getTxt(HttpServletResponse response){ String fileName = "test.txt"; response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + fileName); response.setContentType("application/txt"); String content = "This is txt content"; return content; } } ``` * Header : Content-Disposition attachment : 開新視窗下載 filename : 檔案名稱 * Content-Type : 設定下載檔案格式 例如 : application/txt , application/jpg ##### TXT 檔案格式 ```txt= This is txt content ``` #### JSON ##### 1. 建立 Food.java ```java= public class Food { private Long id; private String name; public Food(Long id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public Food() { } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } ``` ##### 2. 建立 RestController ```java= @RestController public class APIController { @GetMapping(value = "/json",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) public Food getJson(){ return new Food(1L,"FORK"); } } ``` :::info 🔔 RestController 預設格式是 JSON,所以可以不用寫 produces =MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE ::: ##### JSON 檔案格式 ```json= { "id": 1, "name": "FORK" } ``` #### XML 接續以上下載JSON ##### 1. pom.xml 新增 ```xml= <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId> </dependency> ``` 這樣才可以使用XML ##### 2.建立 RestController ```java= @RestController public class APIController { @GetMapping(value = "/xml",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE) public Food getXML(){ return new Food(1L,"FORK"); } } ``` ##### XML 檔案格式 ```xml= <Food> <id>1</id> <name>FORK</name> </Food> ``` ### 怎麼下載檔案 #### Postman 下載檔案 ![API呼叫圖](https://i.imgur.com/D2JnGNJ.jpg) 1. 呼叫 API ( Send ) 2. 點選 Save Response 3. 選擇 Save to a file 即可下載檔案 ##### 下載結果 ###### TXT 檔 ![TXT](https://i.imgur.com/rZjsQNA.png) ![TXT](https://i.imgur.com/YzMQTPJ.png) ###### JSON 檔 ![JSON](https://i.imgur.com/gl2qknD.png) ![JSON](https://i.imgur.com/xrEhGPT.png) ###### XML 檔 ![XML](https://i.imgur.com/q6ZYYeV.png) ![XML](https://i.imgur.com/oCyGm3j.png) ### Postman 旁邊小視窗功能 #### Documetation ![Documetation](https://i.imgur.com/WRllW00.png) 可以撰寫到底這個 API 這麼使用的一些文件 #### Code snippet ![Code snippet](https://i.imgur.com/ndRzC8D.png) 可以直接複製各式語言常用呼叫 API 程式碼 會直接對應現在 Postman 使用 API Java 則提供 Okhttp 和 Unirest 的範例程式碼 ##### 1. OKHttp ```java= OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder() .build(); MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("text/plain"); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(mediaType, ""); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("127.0.0.1:8080/txt") .method("GET", body) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); ``` ##### 2. Unirest ```java= Unirest.setTimeouts(0, 0); HttpResponse<String> response = Unirest.get("127.0.0.1:8080/txt") .asString(); ``` 要取用 API 的時候,可以直接複製 Code snippet 的內容。 ### Authentication #### Basic Auth ![Basic Auth](https://i.imgur.com/8y5VsgW.png) 使用 username 和 password 組成認證碼,呼叫 API 缺點是 Server 只能確認帳號密碼,無法控制例如登入時效( session ),只能靠 browser 的 cookie expiration #### Bearer ![Bearer](https://i.imgur.com/JkylceQ.png) 可使用 Token 來驗證 API , Bearer Token 並沒有規定的建立方法, 只要最後 server 能 verify 就可以了。 以 JWT 的 Token 為例,Token 可以夾帶比較多使用者資訊 JWT 的 Token 是由 Server 所產生的, Client 不會知道如何建立這 Token ## 參考資料 [開發者必備知識 - HTTP認證(HTTP Authentication)](https://carsonwah.github.io/http-authentication.html) [Spring Boot Rest XML example – Web service with XML Response ](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-rest-xml/) ## 撰寫紀錄 | 人員 | 日期 | 修改紀錄 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 禮惟 | 2022/9 | 初版 |

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