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    --- title: 一些諺語的由來 tags: 諺語 --- ## 嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗 「嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗」,原為「++**嫁乞隨乞,嫁叟隨叟**++」,出處是《賣油郎獨占花魁》。 意思是一個女人即使嫁給乞丐或者年齡大的人,也要隨其生活一輩子。 ## 三個臭皮匠,頂個諸葛亮 「皮」實際上是「裨將」的諧音,裨將在古代是指副將。 這句俗語的原意是指三個副將的智慧合起來能頂一個諸葛亮。 後來,人們把「裨將」說成了「皮匠」。 三個下層的、在第一線上行軍打仗的裨將,有時他們的經驗和智慧集中起來,就比遠在大寨里指揮、足智多謀的諸葛亮來得有效。 因此,「++**三個臭裨將,賽過諸葛亮**++」才是這句諺語的原意和原字。 ## 跳進黃河也洗不清 這本是一句歇後語,「跳進黃河—洗不清」。 比喻很難擺脫干係、避免嫌疑。 因為黃河水中含大量泥沙,十分渾濁,跳進黃河中,要洗凈身上的污穢是不可能的。 後來變為「跳到黃河也洗不清」,很有意思,雖然邏輯上不通,不過還是有個意思在。 ## 王八蛋 這是一句民間罵人的話,實際上,這句話的原來面目是「++**忘八端**++」。 古代「八端」是指「**孝,悌,忠,信,禮,義,廉,恥**」,指的是做人之根本,忘記了「八端」也就是忘了做人根本。 可是後來變成「王八蛋」,整個境界馬上下來了。 ## 捨不得孩子套不著狼 應該為「++**捨不得鞋子套不著狼**++」。 這句俗語意思是要想打到狼,就要不怕走路、不怕費鞋。 因為獵人想捕狼,往往要翻山越嶺,跑許多山路,所以非常費鞋。 就這樣,「捨不得鞋子套不著狼」這句俗語就誕生併流傳開來了。 這句俗語中的「鞋子」一詞後來又怎麼會訛變為「孩子」呢? 原來,在古漢語中是沒有j、q、x這3個音的,所以,在古漢語中「鞋」是讀做「hai」。 後來,「hai」音分化,一部分仍讀做「hai」,另一部分則讀做了「xie」。 在我國四川、湖北、湖南、上海、廣東等地的方言中,「鞋子」一直被讀成「hai zi」。 時間一長,「捨不得鞋子套不著狼」也就被訛傳誤記為「捨不得孩子套不著狼」了。 ## 狗屁不通 這個成語最初是「++**狗皮不通**++」,狗皮沒有汗腺,酷夏狗藉助舌頭來散熱,這個成語就是以狗的這一身體特點而言。 由於「皮」與「屁」諧音,對於文理不通的詩文或不明事理的人,以屁貶之,意思更為鮮明。 後來人們將錯就錯,約定俗成地將「狗皮不通」變成了「狗屁不通」。 ## 無奸不成商 「++**無尖不成商**++」被誤解為「無奸不成商」。 「尖」來源於古代用來度量的斗。 古代米商在賣米給大家時,除了要將斗裝滿外,還要再多舀上一些,讓斗里的米冒著尖兒,以惠買家。 在那個時代,不能敦厚到這種程度的,就被公認為不夠資格當商人。 後來由於人們道德素質的下降,「無尖不成商」慢慢就變成了「無奸不成商」。 ## 無毒不丈夫 「量小非君子,無毒不丈夫」,這麼不通的一句話居然人們還在用。實際上原話是「++**量小非君子,無度不丈夫**++」,度是度量的意思,這句話說的就是一個君子、丈夫要有度量。 從「度」到「毒」,無非是一些小人的自我安慰用法,結果還流傳的這麼廣,豈不讓人唏噓。 ## 人不為己,天誅地滅 好自私的一句話。誤解的關鍵在於對「為」字的理解。 實際上,在這裡「為」應讀作二聲,不是四聲。 四聲的「為」,是為了自己;二聲的「為」,是作為的意思,「為己」即做最真實的自己。 人的生命秉於天地自然,其性本善,最真實的自己,就是那個靈性不昧的自己。 如果不活出人性本善的真實自己,必會與天地自然之道相悖,違背了自然的規律,當然是「天誅地滅」。 ## 打破沙鍋問到底 人們經常掛在嘴邊的一句俗語。 這一俗語原本為「++**打破砂鍋璺到底**++」,意為砂鍋被打破後其裂紋會一裂到底。 後來被諧音訛傳為「打破砂鍋問到底」,表示遇事刨根問底、窮追不捨。 ## 床第之私 原為「++**床笫之私**++」。要注意,不是「第」而是「笫(zǐ)」。是指墊在床上的竹蓆。「床笫」也就是床鋪。引申為夫妻之間的語言或房事。 ## 不見棺材不落淚 原是「++**不見親棺不落淚**++」,並不是見了任何棺材都落淚。 ## 有眼不識金鑲玉 原是「++**有眼不識荊山玉**++」。荊,指古代楚國;「荊山玉」,是玉匠在荊山發現的玉,當時很名貴。 ## 刑不上大夫,禮不下庶人 原句:「++**刑不尊大夫,禮不卑庶人**++」,意思是:不會因為大夫之尊,就可以免除刑罰;也不會因為是平民,就將他們排除於文明社會之外。 ## 不到黃河心不死 原句是「++**不到烏江心不死**++」。烏江,西楚霸王項羽自刎的地方。「烏江」訛變成「黃河」,真是讓人無從解釋了。 ## 為朋友兩肋插刀 其來歷是(隋唐演義)中秦叔寶為救朋友,染面塗須去登州冒充響馬。 路過兩肋莊時,在岔道想起老母妻兒,猶豫片刻,一條路去歷城,一條路去登州,一條路回家門,最終還是為朋友,視死如歸去了登州。 兩肋莊岔道體現出秦瓊的深重義氣就被人們傳為「++**兩肋岔道,義氣千秋**++」。 而今卻因誤傳成了在肋上插刀。 ## 空穴來風 成語源自楚國人宋玉的(風賦),文中有「枳句來巢,空穴來風」句子。 後來在白居易詩中準確使用過此語:「朽株難免蠹,空穴易來風。」 說腐朽的樹木難免招來蟲子蛀咬,空的洞穴容易引來風吹。 按此解釋,「空穴」和「來風」是一因一果,若做比喻,應比做說法有根據、有來由。 結果,後來被篡改成了捕風捉影的意思。

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