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    為什麼要推動開放文件格式(ODF)?只是為了打敗微軟嗎? - Franklin Weng === ###### tags: `COSCUP2020` `入門` `TR209` {%hackmd 7CD4pdKQTa2p6Y3VqH3VrQ %} > 請從這裡開始 [簡報放在這裡](https://nextcloud.slat.org/index.php/s/po4BGkq8nPp6Dp5) ## 近代的「文件製作」 ### 90 年代初期 DOS 中的倚天中文將資訊系統帶入台灣,PE2 為當時流行的純文字編輯器,其字體為「楷體」。 若要更改字體,必須在文字前後加許多控制碼,我們稱其為幕後排版系統,因此在印出文件前我們無法知道實際的結果為何。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/fd6bh4i.png) ### 90 年代中期 [Windows 95](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Windows_95) 中的 [Office 95](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_95),帶來了[所見即所得(WYSIWYG)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%89%80%E8%A6%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%89%80%E5%BE%97)。 ## 在那個年代 在剛接觸文書處理軟體時,我們學習的都是怎麼把文件==弄的美美的==。 - 想辦法把字弄到想要的位置 > 某縣政府科管科科長,送文件時被退件,因為長官說有些字沒有對齊,因此只好摸摸鼻子回去重改。 > 但發現多一個空白太多,少一個空白太少,始終無法對齊,因此最後插入了一行的隱藏表格,當作是暫時的解決方案。 > ## 以上這些 在過去「傳統的紙本文件互通」通通不是問題,**那個版權觀念不重視的年代**。 然而在現代電子檔案互傳的年代,收件人: 1. 打不開(沒有軟體、不同版本) - 有些是微軟的專利格式 - 因此,去各商場找 XX 大補帖 2. 打開不一定看得到字(沒有字型) 問題: **資料是我們的,格式卻是微軟的!** 我們若是沒有向微軟購買軟體,便無法閱覽、編輯我們的文件。 ## 現在的文件互通 - 文件互通 === 更好的合作 ## OOXML - [Office Open XML](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML) - 是個 ISO 國際標準 ## ODF - [OpenDocument Format](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/开放文档格式) - 開放文件格式企圖提供一個取代私有專利文件格式的一個方案,使得組織或個人不會因為文件格式而被廠商套牢 ## 那為何不用 docx 當標準? 案例1: 11 年前(2009) ODF 便成為國家標準,當時為有宜蘭縣政府有在推動。 當時開的規格是使用自由軟體套裝套件當作教育訓練,那時候縣政府的科長有跟講者聊天,談到為何要做這樣的教育訓練。 他們在 2010 有做過兩年的開源格式教育訓練,2011 年微軟去查宜蘭縣政府的授權,當時使用 Office 2003,授權完全合法,不過微軟不停遊說他們改用新版的 Office。 當時的問題是 Office 2013 不能安裝在 Windows XP 上,最低要求是 Windows 7。 不過微軟當時不賣 Windows 7 了,只賣 Windows 8,問題是 Windows 8 效能要求較高,原有的電腦跑不動。 當時評估全換得花 1 億,但是年度預算只有兩千萬,因此打算分批汰換,但是換成了 Windows 8 卻不能使用舊有購買授權的 Office 2003,因為 Office 2003 並不支援 Windows 8。 這一切都是商業利益考量,他們得對股東交代! ==那使用者利益怎辦?== ## 經過實測 微軟沒有照著自己的標準做,在不同版本、平台的 Office 上面,文件容易會有跑版,因此這也解釋了為何其他軟體無法完整支援 docx 格式,**因為連微軟自己都不相容!** - 舉例: - Mac Office vs Windows Office - Windows Office vs 網頁版 Office 365 ## 為什麼要選擇 ODF - 因為現在(2020)做一個 ODF 檔案,使用八年前的 LibreOffice 去開啟是正常不跑版的 - 資訊平權:使用開放文件格式提供服務,任何人都不需要為了填寫一份文件而必須先準備一套特定的辦公軟體 - 教育公平性:學校教專有軟體或要求使用專有軟體交作業,學生在家怎麼辦?「那你就去買啊!」六個字對許多家庭來說是沉重的負擔 ## 總結 - 文件互通性、資訊平權、教育公平性 - 理解與思考怎麼做才符合使用者最大的利益

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