Lee Tzu Tung
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    --- title: CMB 8/7 Prep Note tags: Trouble Shooting Authors: Martinet Lee + TzuTung Lee + Wu Yun Mao description: link: example: --- # CMB 8/7 Prep Note :::info :information_source: ***TT*** I personally think it would be great to have an introduction to our field/experiences/studies before the QA starts. The participants would then understand more about our field, about where the questions coming from, and how the tools or the advice would be put to use in the real-life scenario. ::: --- ## :female-artist: Lee Tzu Tung 李紫彤 :::success Bio ###### Lee Tzu Tung is a political artist from Taiwan. Combining anthropological field research and political activism, zir art projects explore how one survive and negotiates autonomy with multiple forms of political, gender, and illness identities. Surfing between video, installation, web-art and performance artforms, Tzu Tung often introduces participatory method in zir works, invites participants as collective creators to test and decolonize the contemporary form of art, technology, and authorities. ###### Tzu Tung recieved full merit scholarship and masters degrees from School of Art Institute of Chicago and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Zir artworks has been exhibited globally, including MOCA Taipei, C-Lab (TW), Cuchifritos Gallery, Stanford University, Tom Robbinson Gallery (US), Lisbon University (PT), ArtScape(CA) etc. Tzu Tung is also the organizer for serval Taiwan’s Indigenous and gender movements, the founder of an artist-technologist collaborative NPO, and the curator for art and anthropology exhibitions. *Website: tzutung.com* ::: ### What's Transactional Art? :::spoiler INTRO > Transactional Art is where some sort of value is exchanged as part of the work. Artists not only reflect, but apply economic principles and interactions become transactions. In recent years an increasing number of contemporary artworks, especially media and internet-based projects display transactional features. The underlying notion of value, the participating agents, as well as the contexts, can vary in each work. The transactions involve not only economic and monetary capital but also social, cultural, symbolic or other forms of capital. --- from [Art as the Exchange of Value and the Converstion of Capital](https://www.transactional-arts.com/home?lightbox=dataItem-j8rp0u6p1) by Daniela Alina Plewe ::: :::spoiler PROJECT EXAMPLES - [Monte Carlo Bond](https://www.toutfait.com/unmaking_the_museum/Monte%20Carlo%20Bond.html) (1924) by Marcel Duchamp - [250 cm Line Tattooed on Paid People ](https://li-mac.org/collection/limac-collection/santiago-sierra/works/250-cm-line-tattooed-on-paid-people/)(1999) by Santiago Sierra - [Garlic = Rich Air ()](https://anthology.rhizome.org/garlic-rich-air)(2002) by Shulea Cheang - [Positive Coin](https://youtu.be/GzF_IcDjTlY) (2019) by Tzu Tung - [HackFoldr](https://beta.hackfoldr.org/positivecoin) - Forkonomy () (2020) by Tzu Tung - [HackFoldr](https://beta.hackfoldr.org/forkonomy) - [HackFoldr Slide](https://hackmd.io/@siusoon/forkonomy_slide#/) ::: #### <font color="#7B2A18"> QA </font> - Positive Coin 希望可以從私人主機改版到區塊鏈上,因此,想要問與接下來實際執行步驟上相關的問題: - **金流控管**:參與者會用新台幣買入Positive Coin, 對於這些暫時進入的新台幣,是否有相關的法規限制? - **流程設計**:原先是將「病毒成長率」設定為「利息」、「醫院」設定為「交易所」、「服藥」設定為控管電子錢包時定期的「帳戶管理費」未定期返回展場內的「醫院」「服藥」者錢包會失效、而最後存活並增加數量的 Positive Coin 可以用來買愛滋相關的藝術品並回饋給愛滋相關NGO...參與者可以用Positive Coin 買到具有優惠價格的藝術品,而藝術家則會收到最後Postivie Coin 成交價兌換回來的新台幣收入。這些設計都結合線上與線下的機構、人工與非人工。 - Positive Coin 鼓勵使用者走完一整個流程,但一般來說上線的虛擬貨幣是否可以設定限制買回?我們應如何設定買回過程? - Positive Coin 的匯率實際上是對應我們扣除金流手續費(因這次獲補助所以並不計入工作人員的費用)後,流進這個池子裡的新台幣數量,這在一般的貨幣設計上是合理的嗎? - 在設計Positive Coin的時候,發現設計發行者可以有非常多有利於己方的設計空間,想請問是否有在設計合約及貨幣時,相關公平公正的設計protocol? - *BrainStorming 類型提問*:整體而言,希望改版的Positive Coin 更符合區塊鏈應用的特質,例如如何創造/宣傳稀缺性,如何更符合去中心化的管理,想問問還有什麼特質覺得可能也很適合這樣的貨幣設計? - Forkonomy() 是一系列的工作坊,邀請地球公民基金會執行長、中央研究院科學組研究員、原住民抗爭者、女性維基百科的寫手,及海洋大學海洋學教授等等不同組織有代表性的人物,共同討論南海的海水之所有權,以及他如何被拍賣、被使用的作品,在討論後簽定使用合約。討論南海如何在國族主權這樣「父權血脈」的思考中跳脫、並被「酷兒化」的過程。 - 第一個Workshop認為南海在海水的擁有權及管理上為Co-Op制,第二個Workshop認為南海在海水的擁有權及管理上為私有財產制。請問,是否有相關**Co-op制的產品或合約範例**? - 以南海主權爭議周邊國家為例,涉及該爭端的國家有中華民國、中華人民共和國、越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞、汶萊、印度尼西亞。我們所訂立的合約,即使成為一個 NFT 文件或被眾多address執行的 Contract,背後概念仍在西方資本主義形式的擁有權概念,與非民主國家下的財產管理方法中做拉扯。想問就國際情勢而言,**decentralized tools 在非民主國家之間,未來可能會有什麼樣的發展?**(#米兔 ## 2. Running a Decentralized Community ::: spoiler INTRO > Taiwan art education was first introduced by the Empire of Japan, then the Nationalist Party. In the cold war era, our first contemporary art exhibition was held by the United State Information Agency (USIA).Taiwan’s art, include its governing body are generally the heritage of our multi-layer colonized history. > > As one of the founders of ARThon, a hackathon for artists in Taiwan, and an art and political community organizer. There is a clear trait to me that from the creating method, art vocabularies, to the exhibition institution and market, Taiwan’s art creation are not only dominated by Euro-American centric authoritative, institutional hegemony, but also the international trade pacts signed under political pressure which push Taiwan consumers much only to America and China cultural products. > > Decentralizing tools are thus crucial for re-building art subjectivity. It allows artists to have direct interaction with a decentralized market and audience, increase information transparency that strengthen the autonomy of art-creating process. The right of interaction and validation can go beyond museums and platforms that are constructed under the inequality of history or international relations. > Taiwan has more than 19 ethnics in this post-colonial days, developing the fluid and ever-evolving decentralized protocols are as important as developing and preserving our diverse mother tongues. ARThon + Tinyverse Website: https://shuyanglin.github.io/arthon/ 經營 Tinyverse 並與相關工會洽談的時候,發現有以下幾點的困難: - **Language barrier.** Many documents on decentralization technologies are written in English. Local artists using traditional Chinese or indigenous language are hard to access the latest information. Such a problem also makes collaboration ties within the region. - **Lack of training resources.** Many artists are unfamiliar with digital tools, not to mention the decentralized technologies. It’s a process to get artists on board, then create from it. - **Nodes in Asia are not enough.** There are not many Asian art communities using decentralized technology, or artists creating crypto art. Taiwan on such is still emerging. Artworks need audiences and conversation, and we need allies beyond Europe and American where artists are already familiar with decentralizing technologies. - **The art community is always lack of money.** When trying to find people develop decentralized technology for artists, grassroots art community are hardly afford to pay. - **Government and corporation** start to use the above notion to attract artists but again making the decentralized creation under their surveillance. - **Diversity of artists and artworks.** New media, video, and photography are easier to surface in decentralization mediums, while performance, installation and sculptural artworks are hard to be known in the digital environment. - **Decentralization management problems.** We face issues like poor decision-making, lack commitment, poor responsiveness and lack of inclusiveness within community. ::: #### <font color="#7B2A18"> QA </font> - 對於科技的恐懼感、英語閱讀的困難等等,形成了一個非常大的 Innovation Chasm。藝術組織可以經營用來協助跨越鴻溝,也可以等待創新期過去要迎向主要的早期大眾時再採取行動。個人認為,藝術工會、博物館或公部門組織等,應該更加著重在經營前者。而小型的、草根的公司或非營利組織,可以到了後者再根據市場行動。想要詢問: - 現有各國不同公部門組織的推廣策略?(*或許 @Yu Ren也有相關資訊?*) - 現有在Blockchian 上的藝術家,與藝術品買家數目為何?成交量為何?創作者的國籍為何?台灣在blockchian 相關發展上,可能具有什麼樣的優勢? - 不同的公部門勢必會希望不只是 internet art, conceptual art 而是,各類型的藝術、藝術保存與藝術交易進行轉型。現有的平台跨界合作的經驗為何? - 相關藝術平台之壽命? - (平方根)投票、DAO 等作為去中心組織的管理與PM方法,因為技術執行上的困難反而造成了組織成員進入門檻高,成為了政治成意理想高,但是卻變相忽略資源較少之弱勢或少數的情況,在去中心的社群中,是否有相關的討論? ## 3. Art Auction :::spoiler INTRO 現在正準備一個[藝術拍賣平台 Tinyverse](https://orbit.mit.edu/matchmaking/60f91090d9b52b34f2f2ed16),協助買家與藝術家的交流。在現階段,交易的合約、作品溯源、NFT形式等,都可以提供藝術拍賣相關的技術保障、甚至是加強平台的IP競爭力,只是,這些技術並非「必要」。 ::: #### <font color="#7B2A18"> QA </font> - What are some of the typical marketing strategy in the blockchain field? Successful marketing cases? - What would be the main tasks or the core abilities for the product manager on the blockchain? - 是否有任何印象深刻的購買經驗?例如精彩的拍賣流程、履約後的「紀念物」設計、打開作品的方式或精彩的策展? - DAO AI 與 AI IP --- ## :female-artist: Ren Yu 吳礽喻 :::success Bio ###### 國藝會研究案[國內外「藝⽂勞動最低限度⼯資/版權費⽤」訂定的標準以及⼀些其他藝⽂產業的保障措施](https://archive.ncafroc.org.tw/upload/result/18747-M1001/18747-M1001_%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84_%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84_0_1581490537937.pdf)。Medium: medium.com/@renyu ::: ## blockchain, accessibility, copyright fee and collaboration 區塊鏈在著作權管理和拍賣交易兩方面的實際案例 ::: spoiler 著作權方面 > >**概述** > > 著作、繪畫、語言、音樂等文化資產需要經由再次被使用,才能延續它們的生命。 > > 台灣智財局早至2004年就已派員出國考察德國、瑞典等地的著作權集管團體,報告中建議台灣應該成立視覺藝術、文學領域的著作權集體管理團體,幫助創作者獲得合理的著作費。 > > 多位智財法律領域學者,包括:東吳大學法律系教授章忠信、台北大學法律學院王怡蘋、成大法律系教授陳思廷,也都有相同建言,如果台灣有視覺藝術相關的著作權集體管理團體,或許可以幫助創作者爭取著作權利。 > > 彰化師範大學美術系教授吳介祥在2017年擔任視盟理監事期間,曾在年度工作報告上列舉成立視覺藝術著作權集體管理團體,以及在台灣建立追及權的制度(作品在二次轉售時獲利有部分百分比回到原作者及後裔身上)。 > > 但台灣視覺藝術創作者依舊缺乏工具,成立那樣的機制。 > > 藉由區塊鏈技術讓人得以參與、互動,似乎更可以協助營造、連結創作者與使用者之間,願意付費動機。 > > - 如果每件作品都有清楚的履歷,而願意付出相對合理價格的實體與線上出版、藝術機構、學術、研究、商業單位,也能因此被獎勵,或許那樣的機制能被建立。 > > > - 不同網絡可以擁有自己凝聚共識、共同管理與維護的機制,例如:如何防止違背創作者或社群的意願讓智慧財產、文化資產被濫用,設定授權範疇、時間、金額,甚至營運管理基金要如何投注在社群未來具體的經營方向。 > > > **Examples** - 加拿大 https://prescientinnovations.com https://imprimo.ca 補充資料 - 2020開發文件說明attribution ledger區塊鏈的應用方式,包括書籍、藝術創作方面等 https://www.accesscopyright.ca/media/1417/attributionledger_summary_feb2020.pdf - 加拿大藝術家工會CARFAC執行長 April Britski 談區塊鏈改善藝術家面臨的困境 https://medium.com/prescient-innovations/using-blockchain-to-benefit-artists-smart-policy-and-good-business-659df252d589 - BLOCKCHAIN @ University of British Columbia是背後的研發團隊之一,但是近期研討會較注重區塊鏈在其他方面的應用 https://blockchain.ubc.ca 以上來自[Google文件](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1K-sPTLblZyj8nWINqnx0ncbUzx_dDyiw55KeM1VNrpI/edit) by Ren Yu ::: :::spoiler 拍賣交易方面 - 專門交易 algorithmic 演算數位作品的平台 https://artblocks.io/sustainability 創作者可以自行上傳作品、收藏、交易,在能源消耗上有所關注 - 台灣 Our Song http://oursong.com/vibe/dpwnekar 由KKBOX成立 這段影片做得不錯,講如何藉由區塊鏈技術,幫助創作者簡化管理著作權的程序,和他人合作更為順暢 - 台灣最有規模的音樂著作權集管團體 https://www.must.org.tw - Christies 交易過46件附帶NFT物件 https://www.christies.com/search?entry=NFT&page=1&sortby=relevance&tab=sold_lots - Sotherby 成交過36筆附帶NFT物件 https://www.sothebys.com/en/search?query=nft&tab=objects - Phillips:成交過1筆(世界首個植物 NFT) https://www.phillips.com/detail/agoria-nicolas-becker-and-nicolas-desprat/UK010321/12?fromSearch=nft&searchPage=1 - artsy:124筆 NFT 交易資料 https://www.artsy.net/search?term=nft - 同時可參考[數位鑄造者論壇二日筆記](https://hackmd.io/@hT50R4BuR1aenJgRJ63BJw/Bk8rLbnAO) ::: #### <font color="#7B2A18"> QA </font> - 如何連結創作者與使用者之間,願意付費動機? - 如何建立實體、線上出版、藝術機構、學術、研究、商業單位,與內容提供者(創作者、研究者、協作者)合理的分潤制度? - 如何讓不同網絡可以擁有自己凝聚共識、共同管理與維護的機制? - 如何防止違背創作者或社群的意願讓智慧財產、文化資產被濫用? - 如何協助社群營運著作,投注在他們自行選定,例如未來教育發展、生態永續等具體經營方向? - 如何將智慧財產擴及至保護人外(more-than-human)的領域? --- ## :female-artist: Mao Wu Yun 毛舞雲 #### QA outline 1. 數位藝術和傳統藝術的差異 - 創作方式差異 - 收藏方式差異 - 鑑賞方式差異 - 價值流動差異 - 數位藝術產生過去所無的特性 - 去中心化、分散式管理 - 開放性 - 分享性 - 共創性 2. NFT的本質 - Token的本質 - NFT的本質 - NFT的特性 3. NFT用來做什麼最合適 - 數位藝術 - 遊戲(娛樂) 4. NFT解決了什麼藝術交易市場一直無法解決的問題 - 作品真偽難分 - 作品溯源困難 - 售價無法真實反映作品價值 5. 未來數位藝術與NFT - 未來數位藝術的趨勢 - 此趨勢與NFT結合 - NFT在未來數位藝術領域可能扮演的角色 6. NFT未來漫談 - 數位資產生產創造的改變 - 數位資產交易模式的改變 - 法律制度的改變 --- ## :female-artist: Joyce Chen 陳禹先 :::success Bio ###### 現任數位藝術中心科技藝術典藏基礎計畫主持人,曾任香港M+視覺文化博物館數位與媒體藝術修復師。關注科技藝術、當代藝術對美術館蒐藏、保存與維護藝術作品帶來的觀念轉變與挑戰。目前正在ArtTouch連載[數位藝術保存專欄](https://artouch.com/category/column/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84)。近期另與計畫成員執行[Matter in Media Art](http://mattersinmediaart.org)網站中文化計畫:「[媒體藝術事務](http://mma-zh.savemediaart.tw)」。 ::: ###### ## Beyond Blockchain : 藝術作品的真實性與完整性 * 藝術作品的真實性與完整性是鑑定其藝術價值的指標,維護完整性是保存維護師與修復師的工作。 * 傳統材料藝術(Stable Media)-素描、油畫、水彩、雕塑...... * 美學完整性-等同於物質完整性 * 歷史完整性-清楚的來源、履歷、簽名 * 物質完整性-作品損壞程度、修復痕跡可以被辨識 * 概念導向的當代藝術(Unstable Media)-觀念藝術、現地製作、現成物、空間裝置、數位科技媒材 * 美學-每次作品展出時,藝術家於創作現場進行的第二階段的創作。 * 物質-呈上, * 歷史-作品保證書、Documentation * 因此,儘管區塊鏈能使藝術交易更具備作品物權的轉移,但屬於第二類概念導向的藝術作品,其不穩定性若不透過作品歷程的全面性紀錄來分析媒材與創作概念的關係,則每一筆交易都只是虛名而無內涵,空有作品材料但卻無能力詮釋。 * 常見的科技藝術真實性(保存)挑戰: * 技術、格式、設備汰換:多年前用於展示的設備已經被市場淘汰。ex.Flash停止支援。 * 無數位保存與資料治理觀念:檔案壞軌、影像品質不佳、軟硬體環境複雜未完整保存。 * 不同展示環境的需求不同。 ## Archive, Documentation and Preservation * 以我較熟悉的時基媒體藝術為例,這類型的藝術創作更適合以表演藝術的創作形式來理解。 * 一首樂曲由演奏家根據樂譜演出,而使觀眾聽到樂音;一件錄像裝置藝術作品由藝術家根據其創作概念於現場裝設作品,而使觀眾體驗作品。 * 藝術家過世後則由他人代替藝術家完成這個工作,Documentaion就是作品的樂譜,為了未來作品再現做準備的備忘錄。 * 主要的Documentation類型有: * Artist Interview * Identity Report * Iteration Report * Condition Accessment Report * Quality Accessment Report ## Discussion * 對於Unstable Media Artwork,區塊鏈除了有利於作品履歷的追蹤和交易授權以外,若必須透過檔案化強化作品完整性與永續性,區塊鏈對這點是否有幫助? * 若要將檔案上鍊做為作品履歷的附屬檔案,則其規格欄位該如何設計並能有彈性的、有效的紀錄難以分類的各種當代藝術創作? * 如果上述問題無法透過區塊鏈加速解決,則是否區塊鏈/NFT雖然催生了特定種類數位藝術作品的交易市場,但並不能適用於其他具備前述Unstable特質的藝術創作? * 將時間軸拉長的話,區塊鏈網絡的永續性也同樣會威脅到作品本身。 ## Reference Rinehart, Richard, and Jon Ippolito. Re-Collection: Art, New Media, and Social Memory. MIT Press, 2014. Laurenson, Pip. ‘[Authenticity, Change and Loss in the Conservation of Time-Based Media Installations](https://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/06/authenticity-change-and-loss-conservation-of-time-based-media-installations)’. Tate Papers 6 (2006): 1–9.

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