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    # 競賽老人經驗談 ## 蔡旻諺 #### Jul 17, 2024 --- # 大綱 1. 自我介紹 2. 大學比賽旅程 3. 團隊分工是怎麼一回事? 4. 日常練習都要幹嘛? 5. 實際比賽會發生什麼事? --- # 自我介紹 ---- ### 經歷 - 臺大資工系畢業,現就讀臺大資工所 - 八年程式競賽經驗 - 現已退役,轉職成線上競賽選手 - 臺大 ICPC 培訓班 2022-2024 助教 ---- ### 競賽成績 - ICPC World Finals 2023 13rd - 其實實際上是 14th - 2022 桃園站冠軍 - Codeforces: [baluteshih](https://codeforces.com/profile/baluteshih) (rating: 2531) - Atcoder: [baluteshih](https://atcoder.jp/users/baluteshih) (rating: 2448) - IOI 2019 銅牌 --- # 大學比賽旅程 ---- - 高中時參加 IOI 拿了銅牌 - 臺灣國手平均實力銀牌起跳 - 復仇! - 找了當年世界第 6 組隊 - 找了也有國手級實力但高三莫名不參加國手選拔的人組隊 - 組成了 BBQube: baluteshih/briansu/icube ---- - 聽起來是豪華陣容? - 我們甚至大一進去就在校內賽拿第一 - 但當年的台北新竹站拿了第八 - **這還不是一支成熟的隊伍** - 穩定性很差 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1gsc-B_R.png) ---- - 大一下的我們,忙碌於課業,也沒什麼時間練習 - 結果到了大二也沒什麼成長,台北新竹站拿了第五 - 甚至校內賽莫名摔到第六 ---- - 開始意識到問題,我們團隊中存在著弱點 - 擬定好分工 - 熟悉每個人擅長的題目 - 想好比賽策略 ---- - 到了大三,我們在校內的每一場練習賽不是第一就是第二 - 我們自認已經成為有水準的隊伍 - 不過還是在正式賽中受壓力所苦,在台北站飲恨失常拿了第三 - 比完賽之後隊名改成 8BQube ---- - 大三下~大四上的這段期間,我自己把時間都拿去押在競賽上了 - 那年的桃園站題品品質並不是很好,幸好身經百戰的我們靠著穩定性守住了第一,成功晉級至心心念念的 World Finals ---- - 雖然這是一場「品質不好的比賽」,但我卻印象深刻 - 在封板時,我們的名次是第四,岌岌可危 - 但我們靠著經驗穩住了最後兩題的機會,與當年的最大競爭者分出了勝負 ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyF9dlrOA.png) ---- - 疫情和戰爭影響了 World Finals 的賽程 - 一路拖到 2024 四月,最終我們在世界決賽很殘念排名第十四,以 22 分鐘之差和獎牌擦身而過 - 不過還是一段令人開心的旅程 --- # 團隊分工是怎麼一回事? ---- - 找出每個人擅長的東西 - 找出每個人在團隊中的定位 ---- ### **比較**擅長什麼? - baluteshih: 資料結構、計算幾何、字串[自動機] - icube: 數學、構造、位元題、字串[hash] - briansu: DP、需要細心的題目、字串[Suffix Array] ---- 由於知道彼此擅長什麼,我們會在看出題目類型後直接把題目分配給對應的人處理 - 但不一定是直接把題目想都不想就扔給對方! ---- ### 才不是只有題目類型 - baluteshih: 在觀察到關鍵的性質後,知道如何運用知識組合出正確的演算法 - icube: 擅長冷靜分析題目性質 - briansu: 擅長突破盲點、跳脫思維找到題目的重要性質 ---- 8BQube 的團隊特性就是合作解題 & 合作寫程式 - 時常有題目同時參雜著三個人的想法 - 時常有題目同時包含著兩個人的程式碼 ---- ### 不擅長什麼? - baluteshih: 常常在思考題目的時候會陷入盲點 - icube: 寫程式的速度比較慢 - briansu: 不擅長記得經典題型 ---- 我習慣不太經過思考就講一堆想法出來 - 這時候比較冷靜的 icube 就會提醒我應該如何整理,甚至提醒我實作可以注意什麼 ---- briansu 時常會講出題目的關鍵性質或方向 - 然後講到一半就會問我「這個子問題能不能做」 - :「蛤?那不是經典題嗎?」 ---- 團隊定位開始出現 - baluteshih - 比較多話,負責分配工作或噴隨機想法 - 整理 codebook,並在腦海中記著各式經典題型的作法 - briansu - 細心,在比較需要細節的題目能穩定發揮 - 聰明,團隊真正的智商擔當,可以在不具備一切知識的狀況下找到解題方向 - icube - 比較冷靜,常負責幫另外兩個人驗解 - 在適當時機提醒隊友該注意的事情 - 擅長偏門知識 - 不寫程式 ---- 好的團隊合作,可以帶來更堅強的實力! - 三個臭皮匠勝過一個諸葛亮 --- # 日常練習都要幹嘛? ---- ## 個人實力 - 刷題 - 不要只是顧著 AC,要多思考一下如何解題 - 參加線上競賽:Codeforces、Atcoder ---- ## 練習檢討 - 心得文 - 補題 ---- ## Codebook - 模板怎麼用? - 團隊不擅長寫什麼? - 測試! ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJwlwbBdC.png) ---- ## 實作 - 日常練習寫的程式碼可故意寫久、寫漂亮一點 - 偶爾觀摩一下大神的 code ---- 你會怎麼寫方格 BFS? ```cpp= void bfs(int sx, int sy, int n, int m) { queue<pair<int, int>> q; q.push(make_pair(sx, sy)); vis[sx][sy] = 1; while (!q.empty()) { pair<int, int> u = q.front(); q.pop(); // x - 1, y if (u.first >= 0 && !vis[u.first - 1][u.second]) { q.push(make_pair(u.first - 1, u.second)); vis[u.first - 1][u.second] = 1; } // x, y - 1 if (u.second >= 0 && !vis[u.first][u.second - 1]) { q.push(make_pair(u.first, u.second - 1)); vis[u.first][u.second - 1] = 1; } // x + 1, y if (u.first + 1 < n && !vis[u.first + 1][u.second]) { q.push(make_pair(u.first + 1, u.second)); vis[u.first + 1][u.second] = 1; } // x, y + 1 if (u.second + 1 < m && !vis[u.first][u.second + 1]) { q.push(make_pair(u.first, u.second + 1)); vis[u.first][u.second + 1] = 1; } } } ``` ---- 哇,太長了吧,不怕打錯嗎? - 試試這樣 ---- ```cpp= bool check(int x, int y, int n, int m) { if (x < 0 || x >= n || y < 0 || y >= m || vis[x][y]) return false; return true; } void bfs(int sx, int sy, int n, int m) { int dx[4] = {1, -1, 0, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 0, 1, -1}; queue<pair<int, int>> q; q.push(make_pair(x, y)); while (!q.empty()) { pair<int, int> u = q.front(); q.pop(); for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) if (check(u.first + dx[i], u.second + dy[i], n, m)) { q.push(make_pair(u.first + dx[i], u.second + dy[i])); vis[u.first + dx[i]][u.second + dy[i]]; } } } ``` ---- 還是太長? - 懂一點語法 ---- ```cpp= void bfs(int sx, int sy, int n, int m) { int dx[4] = {1, -1, 0, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 0, 1, -1}; queue<pair<int, int>> q; auto push = [&](int x, int y) { if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= n || y >= m || vis[x][y]) return; q.emplace(x, y); vis[x][y] = 1; }; push(sx, sy); while (!q.empty()) { auto [x, y] = q.front(); q.pop(); for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) push(x + dx[i], y + dy[i]); } } ``` ---- 個人實力也是很重要的 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ2GuZSuA.png =x600) --- # 實際比賽會發生什麼事? ---- ### 比賽策略 - 誰負責讀題目? - 誰負責寫程式? - 何時看計分板? ---- 面對毫無頭緒的問題的時候要怎麼開始思考? - 討論,也許你的隊友腦中有關鍵的東西但他不會用,也許這個人就是你 - 空機 -> 打表 ---- 卡題的時候怎麼評估? - 放著,因為現在想不到就是想不到 - 不要讓一題影響到全局,也是只是當下陷入了盲點,過一陣子再回來想 ---- 比賽中卡住要怎麼把狀態拉回來? - 隊友之間要互相穩定情緒 - 不知道錯什麼 - 印 code debug - 螢幕分兩半在旁邊看 - 對拍 - 有機會的話,開新題給自己自信 - 吃東西上廁所 ---- 跟隊友意見不同的時候要怎麼辦? - 相信隊友...? - 在賽場上沒有那麼多時間給你們辯論 - 賽後檢討 ---- 計分板 - 用來找到能做的題目 - 有時候不會做的題目看到一堆人過就會莫名找到解法 ---- 測機 - 了解本地 & judge 端的差別 - 熟悉鍵盤 ---- 比賽很吃臨場反應 - 總是會有突發狀況 - 經驗很重要,團練很重要 --- Q & A

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