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    # DATA PATH [TOC] ## Combinational vs. Sequential ![](https://i.imgur.com/s2X9k5e.png) - Combinational (only carry the addr or result) - 只存在 reg 內部 暫存記憶 - Sequential (==state== for store to memory) - 存在於 memory 不會消失 ## ALU [Datapath](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oETOwVBzu1s) | `ALUOp` | `Function` | | ------- | ---------- | |000 | and |001 | or |010 | add |110 | subtract |111 | slt ## **Decoder — the first-level control unit** ![](https://i.imgur.com/qqFr2RB.png) :::danger **這些訊息都是從這個controler 傳出來的** - **RegDst**:1 是寫入[15 : 11]的reg、0是寫入[20 : 16]的reg,只有在把值寫入register裡時才有用 - **ALUSrc**:1 是用sign-extend 立即值、0是用register的值(ALU source) - **MemtoReg**:1 是取input讀入的位址的值、0是直接用ALU result 的值,只有在把值寫回register裡時才有用 - **Regwrite**:1 是將計算結果寫回register - **MemRead**:1 唯有Read memory使用 (lw) - **MemWrite**:1 唯有Write memory使用 (sw) - **Branch**:1 唯有branch使用 (beq) ::: - ![](https://i.imgur.com/h6vZwjB.png) ### R type data path ![](https://i.imgur.com/gF4cGge.png) **The ALUop will be determined by the value of the opcode field and the function field of the instruction word** ![](https://i.imgur.com/3KUix2x.png) :::success * sign-extend (把原本只又16bits的數值拓展成32bits) **ALUSrc:1 是用sign-extend 立即值、0是用register的值(ALU source)** ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/CFzDMia.png) ### I type data path #### step 01 ![](https://i.imgur.com/NNgyQVt.png) 我們把 addr 分到 pc ALU #### step 02 ![](https://i.imgur.com/FDoTXjb.png) 把 OP code 分到 control #### step 03 ![](https://i.imgur.com/VqQKqST.png) 把後面的addr 灰色的換成 地址 in mem #### step 04 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Pbn5maF.png) 把地址換成Byte piece ![](https://i.imgur.com/WkA0BeP.png) #### step05 ![](https://i.imgur.com/1fXRPH4.png) :::warning 最後一步驟 運用 MUX 判斷是否做 跳躍(Psrc) 後面的步驟就和 R type 一樣 ::: :::success - ![](https://i.imgur.com/Wtk0of8.png) - add a mux, controlled by MemToReg, to select between saving the - ALU result (0) or the data memory output (1) to the registers :::info - result 有兩種: 1.要寫入MEM (1) 2. ALU result (0)計算數值 ::: ### bne ![](https://i.imgur.com/h1YTyjv.png) ### 整理 ![](https://i.imgur.com/m4PmKfH.png) ## single-cycle, multicycle, and pipelined implementations of a computer :::info - Single Cycle:希望所有指令皆在一個Cycle執行完畢,所以最快指令需等待最慢指令。 - Multi Cycle:為了解決Single Cycle效率不好的情況,讓最快的指令不必去等待最慢的指令。但還是一樣有浪費掉的時間,因為每個步驟所花的時間也是必需一樣的。 - Pipeline:主要的目的是希望在同一個時間內能執行多道指令,增加效能。 :::

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