roan
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 小白笔记📒二:NFT的版权与许可 --- **文章主要用于科普与学习,不构成任何投资建议。数字货币领域投资风险极高,可能会导致投资资产全部清空,请谨慎对待。** **此部分内容是基于美国专利局法案,部分内容不一定适用于欧洲,亚洲等其他地区。** ## 知识产权 -知识产权是指creations of mind。 -知识产权:版权,商标,专利 -版权:保护原创作品,以固定的,有形的媒介创作,并立即成为该作品的作者的财产。只有作者才能获得其版权。 -商标:一般指区别和区分一方的商品来源与其他方的商品来源的词语,短语、符号或者设计,或者是一种组合。 -专利:授予发明的专有权,发明是一种产品或工艺,一般来说是指一种新方法,或者某一项新的技术解决方案。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/YEbF4wk.png) ## 商标 -在商品或者服务上使用商标的专有权,包括防止侵权或淡化(他人或削弱商标)的保护。 -商标保护是永久存在的,只要你renew它。 -比较大型的NFT项目通常会将其名称注册为商标。例如,Fidenza,Cryptopunks。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/hVyL1ME.png) >**何时需要注册我的商标?NFT的商标保护** > -通过在商业中使用使用商标,使消费者识别与该商标相关的产品或服务,从而获得商标权,这些不必在美国专利局注册。 -如果是对于有经济意义的商标,一般建议是进行注册。 -与商标相关的两种合理使用的类型:classic fair use 和 nominative fair use。 -**class fair use**: 别人的商标被用来描述商品和服务,并不表明商品与服务的来源,近用于描述商品与服务。当竞争对手可以在广告中引用竞争对手的商标,并对商标进行非商业性使用。 -**nominative fair use**:允许使用商标来命名所有者的商品和服务,如果商标不容易识别的话。 -常见的合理使用情况包括:新闻报道,评论,模仿,比较性广告等。 >**商标侵权** -相似的产品与服务中使用相似的商标,造成混淆的可能性,可被视为对商标的侵权使用。 >**版权声明** -版权保护存在于如何有形表达媒介上的原创作品中。 -一般的版权维持在作者的一生+70年的保护。 >**版权成立的条件** -原创性:独立创作(最低程度的创造性),作者必须是“人”, 低标准:容易识别。 -固定性(Fixation):在有形的表达媒体中,具有足够的持久性。 >**在默认条件下,创作者在固定时刻拥有版权。** -对实物作品的所有权与对该作品对版权所有权并不是一回事。 -默认情况:作品的创作者从固定的时刻就拥有对它的版权。 不受版权保护的内容 -思想,程序,过程,系统,操作方法,概念,发现的原则 -公共领域——1927年之前的作品 -标题和短语 -事实 -标题常见的表达方式 -公平使用 -图书馆和档案馆的复制品 -首次销售的理论 -某些表演或者展示 -二次传输 >**公平使用原则** -合理使用是一种积极的辩护。 -合理使用的测试有四个部分 1.使用的目的与特点,包括是否具有商业性质或用于非营利性教育目的。 2.受版权保护作品的性质 3.相对于整个版权而言,使用的部分的数量和实质性 4.使用对版权作品的潜在市场或价值的影响 **出租作品的版权所有权 第201(b)条** -在两种特定情况下,创作者不拥有版权(称为“雇佣工作”) -雇员在其工作范围内准备的作品。 -属于九种类型之一的特别委托作品,并且双方在一份由双方签署的书面文件中同意该作品为雇佣作品 -对一项集体工作的贡献 -视听作品的一部分 -翻译 -一项补充性工作(例如,前言,地图或者表格) -汇编 -一项指导性工作 -测试 -测试答案材料 -一个地图集 **联合作品中的版权所有权** -联合作品是指由两个或者两个以上的作者编写的作品。 -每个共同所有人都拥有整个版权的不可分割的权益。 -每个共同所有人都可以在非排他性基础上利用该作品,而无需得到其他共同作者的许可。 -只要他们向其他共同作者说明按比例分享利润。 -而且只要不损害工作就好。 **版权登记** -没有注册并不影响你的版权性质,但你实施版权的能力会受到限制。 -除非你有注册,否则你不能向联邦法院提起诉讼,阻止别人侵犯你的版权(限制你获得赔偿或损失的能力) **版权转移** -转让 = 版权或版权所包含的任何专有权的转让,抵押,独家许可或任何其它任何转让。。。但不包括非独家许可。 **版权的让渡** ![](https://i.imgur.com/WiX3znL.png) **许可的终止** -独家许可在以下较早的时间自动终止。 -自出版之日起35年 -从授权时起40年 -非排他性许可 -书面许可可以有各种终止程序 -隐含的非排他性许可可以随意终止,除非支付了对价,在这种情况下,它是不可撤销的。 -以下情况存在例外:通过遗嘱转让,为雇佣而制作的作品,根据其他联邦的法律授权,根据外国法律授权 -衍生作品:“在终止前根据授权编写的衍生作品,在终止后可根据授权条款使用,但这一特权不包括终止后根据终止授权所涉及的版权作品编写的其他衍生作品”。 ## 在NFT与实体艺术中的版权 -在NFT中的版权 NFTs = Token + Lisense 购买者拥有代币,但通常只收到代币元数据中提及的基础数字资产的许可。 版权所有者(发行者)通常保留对基础作品的权利。 -实体艺术的版权 实体艺术 = 实体艺术 + Lisense 购买者拥有实体绘画,但通常只获得版权许可。 版权创作者(艺术家)通常只保留对基本作品的权利 通常,有三种市场平台。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/LJOZ4pE.png) -公开型第三方市场:Opensea,Rarible等,非监管,对上传作品无核实处理。 -策划型第三方市场:SuperRare,Gateway等,非监管,对上传作品和创作者会核实。 -专属型第三方市场:Topshot等,只提供由市场运营商提供的NFTs,通常不促进其他NFT的销售或者展示。 -每个项目的许可会基于其使用条款和许可证,记得查看。 ## CC0在许可框架中的地位是什么? 知识共享(Creative Commons CC)许可证是一种公共许可,为从个人创作者到大型机构的所有人提供了一种标准化的方式,允许公众根据版权法使用它创作的作品。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/C8PVJzw.png) CC0在许可证中的框架如何? -一些PFP项目(以及一些生成艺术项目和1of1艺术家)已经接受了CC0(公共领域)的方法。 -此做法将版权置于公共领域,任何人都可以以任何目的去使用该艺术,而不局限于Token的持有人,实际上,这加速了版权期结束。 -当然,一些创作者以及艺术家在选择这个模式时会发布多个声明,原因举例如下: 利用互联网的网络效应收获项目知名度 避免不得不处理的难以执行的在线知识产权执法问题 通过许可合约避免中心化 避免与通过代币销售的独家许可或版权转让的可执行型有关的潜在的不确定性问题 -此做法的逻辑关键点在于,艺术作品的重要程度以及许可性不会因为其他人的使用而受到损害。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/mJTcArz.png) ### 个人许可证、商业许可证以及CC0之间的区别 比较突出的区别如下: -个人许可证下,艺术家对艺术品保留绝大部分的权利,较为安全和传统。 -商业许可证下,个人被鼓励参与到商业的开发与创新中。 -CC0下,能较好的利用网络效应,保证区块链的原生性。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Qpy0RvZ.png) ## 更多阅读 Treaties and International Agreements: • https://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/c.php?g=457743&p=3129119 o General Information about Patents: • https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/general-information-patents o General Information about Trademarks: • https://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/basics/whattrademark#:~:text=A%20trademark%20can%20be%20any,both%20trademarks%20and%20service%20marks o General Information about Copyrights: • https://www.uspto.gov/ip-policy/copyrightpolicy/copyrightbasics#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20copyright%3F,of%20fixation%20are%20virtually%20unlimited o NFT Marketplaces Licenses: • https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/nft-license-breakdown-exploring-1591564/ NFT Marketplaces Licenses: • https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/nft-license-breakdown-exploring-1591564/ o Licensing and Contracting Considerations: • https://www.loeb.com/en/insights/publications/2022/04/brands-and-nfts-licensing-and-contractingconsiderations#NFTLicense o Creative Commons Licenses: • https://creativecommons.org/ • https://www.wur.nl/en/article/What-are-Creative-Commons-licenses.htm o A Running List of Key Lawsuits Over NFTs: • https://www.thefashionlaw.com/from-hermes-to-bored-apes-a-running-list-of-key-lawsuits-over-nfts/ o CryptoPunks license: • https://licenseterms.cryptopunks.app/ o BAYC license: • https://boredapeyachtclub.com/#/terms o MAYC license: • https://boredapeyachtclub.com/#/mayc/terms o Otherdeeds license: • https://otherside.xyz/license, https://otherside.xyz/nft-purchase-agreement o CloneX license: • https://rtfkt.com/legal-overview o The “Can’t Be Evil NFT” Licenses: • https://a16zcrypto.com/introducing-nft-licenses/

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Google Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully