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    --- tags: archlinux, slide type: slide slideOptions: spotlight: enabled: true size: 80 presentingCursor: "default" toggleSpotlightOnMouseDown: false spotlightOnKeyPressAndHold: 90 # 按著 'z' 啟動聚光燈 initialPresentationMode: true disablingUserSelect: false fadeInAndOut: 500 allottedMinutes: 120 --- {%hackmd BJqmTNgxD %} ArchLinux Installation Workshop === by PastLeo --- <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-1"> ![pastleo.](https://i.imgur.com/o9wogYS.png) </div> <div class="flex-2"> ## 西瓜 / PastLeo ### [https://pastleo.me/](https://pastleo.me/) #### [5xRuby.tw](http://5xruby.tw/) 工程師 </div> </div> --- ## 今天示範的目標 #### 虛擬機上安裝 ArchLinux, [KDE Plasma](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/KDE) ### 本投影片連結:<br>https://ppt.cc/fCFuxx --- ## 系統需求 * 有人拿真機來裝的嗎 * 要有可以清空的硬碟 * 虛擬機軟體 * 可以連到我們的 WIFI * LAN 上架設了 mirror server * USB type-A 孔 --- ## 大綱 1. 開機到 archiso 2. 連上網路 3. 建立, 格式化 (format) 並且 掛載 (mount) 磁碟分割 (partition) 4. The `pacstrap` installation 5. `genfstab` and `arch-chroot` 6. 安裝軟體 7. 啟用服務,設定帳密,系統設定 8. 安裝 bootloader `grub` 9. 重新開機到新系統,上機測試! --- ## 1. 開機到 archiso --- ### 為大家準備好了隨身碟 #### BIOS/UEFI boot ##### `archlinux-2020.07.01-x86_64.iso` --- ### 建立虛擬機 / 使用 USB 開機 --- ![](https://i.imgur.com/GoGRBas.png) --- ## 安裝筆記 ### [https://ppt.cc/fevfjx](https://ppt.cc/fevfjx) #### 請搭配此筆記以及[官方 Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide)進行 --- ### 2. 準備好網路 #### 連上 Workshop 專用的 WIFI * SSID: `PingAirPortExpress` * Password: `0926894861` * 拿真機來裝的 * 筆記中有連接 WIFI 的指令 * 測試 `ping 192.168.144.5` * mirror server --- ## 3. <br>建立, 格式化並且掛載磁碟分割 --- ### 分割前,先確認開機模式 #### ([UEFI](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%AF%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E9%9F%8C%E9%AB%94%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2) or BIOS) * 真機 * `ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars` * 現今出的電腦理論上都支援 UEFI * 虛擬機 * 沒意外都是 BIOS --- ### `fdisk` 建立磁碟分割 ```bash fdisk -l fdisk /dev/vda # or /dev/nvme0nN, /dev/sdN ``` 看清楚 `fdisk` 的提示 用真機的,這步之後就**無法**回來了 --- ### 格式化 ```bash mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda1 ``` --- ### 掛載到 `/mnt` ```bash mount /dev/vda1 /mnt ``` 可以用 `df` 來檢查掛載點 --- ## 4. The `pacstrap` installation --- ### 修改 [mirrorlist](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mirrors) #### 改用 Workshop 專用的 mirror server 修改 `/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` 成只有: ``` Server = http://192.168.144.5:8080 ``` 或是直接跑這行: ``` $ echo 'Server = http://192.168.144.5:8080' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ``` --- ### 標準 `pacstrap` 安裝 ```bash pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware ``` --- <style> img[alt=pacstraping] { max-height: 260px; } </style> ![pacstraping](https://i.imgur.com/phKjtXQ.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ENuPntb.png) --- ### 5. `genfstab` and `arch-chroot` ```bash genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab ``` ```bash arch-chroot /mnt ``` --- ## 6. 安裝軟體 --- ### 安裝軟體 - 基本生存工具 ```bash pacman -S networkmanager grub ``` --- ### 安裝軟體 - GUI ```bash pacman -S sddm plasma ``` --- ### 安裝軟體 - 字型 ```bash pacman -S ttf-freefont ttf-roboto noto-fonts noto-fonts-cjk ``` --- ### 安裝軟體 - GUI 應用程式 ```bash pacman -S konsole firefox dolphin ``` --- ### 安裝軟體 - 系統工具 ```bash pacman -S sudo vim ``` --- #### mirror server 上有的套件 ``` base linux linux-firmware intel-ucode amd-ucode networkmanager iw wpa_supplicant grub efibootmgr os-prober ntfs-3g bluez pulseaudio-alsa pulseaudio-bluetooth mesa xf86-video-intel intel-media-driver libva-intel-driver xf86-video-amdgpu libva-mesa-driver mesa-vdpau gdm sddm lxdm gnome plasma lxde gnome-terminal konsole lxterminal chromium firefox dolphin spectacle smplayer libreoffice-still ttf-freefont ttf-roboto noto-fonts noto-fonts-emoji noto-fonts-cjk adobe-source-code-pro-fonts sudo vim tmux git base-devel ``` --- ## 7. <br>啟用服務,設定帳密,系統設定 --- ### 設定 NetworkManager 以及 GUI 服務在開機時啟動 ```bash systemctl enable NetworkManager sddm ``` --- ### 使用者以及 Root 帳號密碼 要不然待會就得用 root 登入 GUI... --- ### 其他系統設定 * Time zone * Localization * Network configuration --- ## 8. 安裝 bootloader `grub` ```bash grub-install ... grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ``` --- ## 9. <br>重新開機到新系統,上機測試! --- <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-1"> ![](https://i.imgur.com/xr1PoVu.png) </div> <div class="flex-1"> ![](https://i.imgur.com/GtW25D9.png) </div> </div> --- ## 我來為大家示範一次 ## UEFI 安裝 #### (如果還有時間的話) --- ## 如果大家喜歡這個 distro 的使用手感,歡迎加入我們! ### https://archlinux.tw/getting-started/ #### https://pastleo.me

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