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--- robots: index, follow tags: NCTU, CS, 共筆 description: 交大資工課程學習筆記 lang: zh-tw dir: ltr breaks: true disqus: calee GA: UA-100433652-1 --- # 經濟學概論--譚經緯 **COURSE 0** - 課堂 40%, 期中 30%, 期末 30% - 幾乎沒作業 - 期中: 標準答案, 期末: 創意專題 - 要帶載具 (可以登e3的) - 課本: 蘋果橘子經濟學 # 第一章、家花哪有野花香 第三週上課題目 - 1. 個經市場理論四項指標 - ans 廠商數、進出障礙、價格控制力、商品同質性 - 2. 總經學派兩大頭頭是哪兩個?各自適合長期or短期? - 凱因斯短期、古典長期 - 3. 成本理論要先考量哪個前提? - 產量 **西方經濟學架構:** **個體經濟學(微觀經濟** **Microeconomics** **)** - **供需原理** **Supply and Demand**: 供給和需求。小則個體,大至囊括整個市場 - **消費者理論** **:** 消費者怎麼做決定(會有數學模型:微分工具、微分差分方程) - 主觀偏好 - ?(第二項要素) - **廠商理論**:賣方怎麼做決定 - 目的:利潤極大化 - 成本理論:**「產量****固****定時」**,如何將成本最小化 - 生產理論:如何有效率生產 - **市場理論** - **分析方式:四個條件列出來一一看,合起來後再下判斷** - 獨佔 Monopoly:only 1(純理論) 單一廠商可以決定市場價格 ( Price maker ) - 完全競爭 Perfect competition:(純理論,不實際) **四大條件** 1. 廠商數目多(相對概念) 2. 價格控制力無 :單一廠商無法影響市場價格( Price taker ) 3. 沒有市場進出障礙 : 生產產品零門檻,不需技術,想做就做 4. 商品同質 : 不同人生產的產品視為相同,不分優劣 - 寡占 Oligopoly(較常見) - 廠商不多 - 價格部分控制力 - 部分進出障礙 - 商品同質or異質都算(很難的模型) - ex: 台塑and中油 - 獨佔競爭(較常見) - 廠商多 - 價格部分控制力 - 幾乎沒有進出障礙 - 商品不完全同質 - ex: 服飾 - 要素理論 - 勞動 - 資本 - 土地 - 企業才能 - 福利經濟 - 不確定經濟、訊息經濟 - 加入心理學成分 - 訊息不完全的問題 **總體經濟學(宏觀經濟** **Macroeconomics****)** - 國民所得 - 總經最關鍵指標 - GDP : Gross Domestic Product 國內生產毛額:包括非國民生產 - GMP: Gross metropolitan product ( 都市 GMP ) - … - 所得分配(資本主義的命運是貧富差距) - 物價指數(涵蓋全部品項) - 學派 - **古典**;新古典neo(適合長期分析)(主流) - **凱因斯學派**(適合短期分析)(主流) - 新興凱因斯 - 新興古典(比較新,new,跟新古典不一樣 - 供給學派(古典一支 特色:減稅 deregulation - 貨幣學派(古典一支,天下沒有白吃午餐 - 貨幣理論(金錢流動、信用 - 物價膨脹、失業 - 投資理論 實體投資,不僅限於金融投資 - 民間投資(當股東、買房投資 - 政府投資(公共建設,產業政策,創造產品生態圈 - 消費理論 - ex: 公務員薪水, 18% - 經濟成長與景氣循環 - 短期景氣循環 - ex: 景氣對策訊號 - 長期經濟成長 - 國際經濟 - 國際金融 - 國際金錢流動 - 旅遊、匯差 - 國際貿易 # 絕對優勢、比較優勢 比較優勢:比較實質成本 更廣義的話,加入時間、金錢成本,就叫**「代價」** 社會福利 消費者剩餘 生產者剩餘 策略聯盟 # 供需 **需求** 所得對需求影響 - 正常財 - 中性財 - 劣等財 相關產品對需求影響 品質差不多越可能取代 完全互補 固定使用比率 替代 互補 無關 所謂價格: 賣方最低價(成本) 買方最高價

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