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    # Seminar - USB4: The New Era of High-Speed Link Integration #### By 威鋒電子 何盈杰博士 - 20210917 ###### tags: `Seminar`, `USB4`, `Thunderbolt` ### USB OTG (On-The-Go)/Data Role Play - 手機接到電腦,做handshake,電腦當成host,手機當成device - 手機接到硬碟,做handshake,手機當成host,硬碟當成device ### Power Role Play Source, Sink or Dual Power Role 誰給電,誰充電 ### DisplayPort (DP) 資料傳輸較快,因為Device往螢幕是單向傳輸,是USB雙向傳輸的兩倍 ### PCIe vs. USB PCIe主要是在Mother Board上的資料傳輸,USB是Cable間的資料傳輸 ### USB BC (Battery Charging) ### USB Power Delivery (PD) aka. 快充 ### USB Electrical Marker (E-Marker) USB接上後並不會馬上傳輸資料,會先做handshake讀取E-Marker看這條線最大容忍Supply current,如果沒有E-marker會用最低規格傳輸 (USB2.0)。 ex:大創的$39線材就不會有E-marker,Apple原廠的充電線就會有 ![E-Marker](https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1y1mQcAxz61VjSZFrq6xeLFXaW.jpg?width=1500&height=1500&hash=3000) **Note**: now the official lowest version is USB2.0 ![USB2.0](https://i.imgur.com/R7BR25g.png) ### Permutations of USB - All integrate to USB Type-C USB Type-C is just the type of **hardware connector**. Not mentioning any interface such as USB 2.0/3.x/4.0 ... ![Permutations of USB](https://www.mouser.tw/images/usb-gen3-type-c-fig1.jpg) ### Thunderbolt Thunderbolt is a type of hardware **Interface** developed by Intel and Apple that uses the 24 pins **USB type-c connector** Thunderbolt 最主要的精神就是把4-lane PCIe作成與USB一樣方便的外接介面(Thunderbolt 協議另外的要點是還帶了 DisplayPort 影像訊號,以及架構上使用串接的方式而不是一對多 HUB 的形式,不過這幾個部分的規格不在本文討論的範圍內)。原本需要內建在電腦裡面,或是插在大型電腦 PCIe 插槽上的解決方案,現在可以移到電腦的外部而具有可攜帶性,而且不犧牲與 CPU 直接溝通的效能。特別是自從 Thunderbolt 3 採用與 USB 一樣的 USB-C 端口,而且 Intel 宣布自下一代 CPU 開始要把 Thunderbolt 功能直接加入到 CPU 裡面之後,Thunderbolt 這個介面似乎就要一統天下,消弭過去 20 年來各種專業解決方案如何與 CPU 溝通而遇到的兩難選擇。 - Thunderbolt supports (主要是用在macbook) - Display - Power delivery - PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express 定義CPU與周邊元件連結的協定) - ex: For External GPU (eGPU) - Data - ... **Note**: 1. Thunderbolt 3 支援 USB3.1,所以電腦只要是支援 Thunderbolt 3 規格的,連接USB3.1 裝置一樣是可以使用;但是若電腦只支援 USB3.1 規格的,是無法連接 Thunderbolt 3 裝置的 2. Thunderbolt 定義規格比USB3.x/4.0 嚴格,傳輸速度更快、支援功能越多,但是要付授權費所以線才會較貴 ![Thunderbolt 3](https://i.imgur.com/L49YfOH.png) ![Spec diff](https://i0.zi.org.tw/kocpc/2021/05/1620464634-ca2e32c69fb3ba1721c1b7c5695b7713.jpg) - Daisy chain Thunderbolt daisy-chaining allows you to connect multiple Thunderbolt port devices (ex: dual 4k display to your computer with only one Thunderbolt port! ![Daisy Chain Arch](https://www.kensington.com/siteassets/solution-pages/tb4/config3-daisychain-964x380.jpg?width=964&height=380) ![Daisy Chain Example](https://i.imgur.com/F37g5IU.png) #### Different Version of USB and thunderbolt ![](https://i.imgur.com/zsd79O7.png) ### The flippable 24-pin USB Type-C connector ![Type-C connector](https://www.mouser.tw/images/usb-gen3-type-c-fig2.jpg) ### USB4 (On-chip docking) 把所有功能整合到一個晶片,在內部進行轉換,相容PCIe, Thunderbolt, DP ... ### Useful links Thunderbolt 3 vs. USB-C - What Is The Difference? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilQTUWKQRMA Thunderbolt 4 vs USB4 vs Thunderbolt 3 - What's Changed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvbgI2YAEeE 電腦介面由 USB 到 Thunderbolt 的改朝換代, 概述外接 PCIe 裝置的多種應用 https://www.akitio.com.tw/information-center/tb-pcie-interface 新的USB4用TypeC接口就變成Thunderbolt了嗎?一次看懂這些讓人一頭霧水的規格! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnCddObjmDI

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