IFS Laboruebungen 自救隊
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    # Praktikum-Motormanagement ## Stufe 1 : Eingangtest ## Stufe 2 : Vorfrage(3-4hr) + Abschlusstest(15min) \* 輪流問答,依人數平均分配題數 -----Vorfrage(圖片題)----- - 一个完整的ottomotor的示意图,从进气道到气缸到排气道,以及所有的主要的bauteil和sensor/aktor都画在上面。每个人轮流说,上面的每一个sensor是什么,干嘛用的,为什么要用这个sensor。(考试的时候用的图和这个稍微不一样一点,在于lambda sonde有两个,katalysator前面放了一个,后面也放了一个) ![](https://i.imgur.com/j0uCb0Y.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/pBkYnI9.png) 为什么要放两个lambda sonde,这两个分别是什么用途? 答案:katalysator前面的是breitbandsonde,因为katalysator需要lambda=1才能工作,所以进入katalysator之前的尾气需要精确控制,katalysator后面的sonde可以是sprungsonde,作用是检查katalysator有没有正常工作 ![](https://i.imgur.com/plrw7dh.png) - hfm气体流量感应器的电路图 先问你每个原件是啥,然后问你如果进气量变大,电路里的情况会怎么变 答案:进气量变大(外界空气温度不变),R202不变,R212变小(因为heissenfilm温度降低了),两个温度传感器之间的电位差变小,为了保持稳定的160度温差,就会提高heissenfilm的电压 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QYMEagK.jpg =500x) - Benennen并且介绍每个bauteil是干嘛的,以及一些具体的技术细节,比如说为什么点火的时候点火开关要转到2,把vorwiderstand短接,而正常运行的时候又要转回1,把Rv再接回去 ![](https://i.imgur.com/gYDsJiI.jpg) -----Vorfrage(文字題)----- 跟skript里面每一张最后的lernzielkontrolle基本类似,但是比lernzielkongrolle问得更细节,内容也更多。顺序是按章节顺序问的。 还有要你上黑板画图,要画的图有: ![](https://i.imgur.com/sBQ51qC.png =300x) ![](https://i.imgur.com/x2NGJ7z.jpg =300x) ![](https://i.imgur.com/UTcTcKL.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/9r7e5Fc.jpg =300x) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ViLReBm.jpg =300x) - 每种喷射方式,曲轴每转多少度喷射一次,每次喷射量是1还是1/2,哪几个气缸同步喷射。先benennen这几种喷射策略 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ByehkYH.jpg) - Startphase, Nachtstartphase,Warmlaufphase 解釋,以及如何加速觸媒到達工作溫度 - Hall vs Induktive - Torque Demand, Torque Structure 是在處理什麼 - 油气混合物太稀薄会有什么后果?(功率会变高还是变低?油耗会变高还是变低?效率会变高还是变低?)答案:太稀薄的油气混合物,会让CO和HC变少,但由于气缸内温度升高,NOx会变多,以及P会降低,油耗会降低,效率会增高 - Betriebzustand,bewusst nicht mit optimalen Wirkungsgrad betrieben 答案是 kaltstart klopfregelung和leerlauf -----Schlusstest----- 形式跟eingangstest一样也是多项选择,但是比eingangstest更绕一些,有时候是一些具体情境要你分析(点火时间是要变晚还是变早啊,喷射量变大变小啊之类的),所以你要知道那些具体情境会对引擎有什么他(比如上坡—last增加—点火时间变晚) 另外就是,schlusstest会考到一些vorfrage环节问到的问题,所以vorfrage一定要专心,就算不是轮到你回答问题也要听 ## Stufe 3 : Laboruebungen ## Reference - ![](https://i.imgur.com/b1lA8aF.png) - 如果是einzel zundspul给所有zundkerze供电,也就是一套点火线圈给所有的zundkerze供电,那么在引擎转速很高的时候,比如说它是6缸的发动机,它的开合频率就是曲轴转速的3倍,那在引擎转速很高的时候就可能上一个完整的点火过程还没结束就开始下一个过程了,如果频率过高(转速过快)就会导致上一轮放电还没完成就又接通了,所以电流就一直不会降到0,所以坏处就是,主线圈里电流的落差变小了,导致副线圈里的感应电动势就小了,也就是zundspannung变低了。 这也就是为什么气缸多的车一般不会用einzel zundspul,而是每个kerze/每两个kerze配备一个zundspul - ~~主线圈通电后电流会越来越大,线圈内储存磁能,等到电流不再变化的时候,磁能就储存满了,这时候继续通电就相当于短路了,浪费电,所以按道理说在磁能储存满的时间unterbrecher就应该断开,让副线圈产生高压。正常情况下是这样。假如主线圈电流达到最大值了还不断开,就会浪费电或者发热。~~ - 拧着钥匙一直不放 主线圈的接通和断开由unterbrecher所控制,开合的频率等于曲轴转速的一半乘以每个点火线圈控制的火花塞的个数 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/lZ3B667.jpg =500x)

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