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    ###### tags: `blogger` date: `2018.04` :::danger 本文章為舊版Blogger內容轉移,目前暫停維護 ::: # 使用 Arduino D1 製作 Wifi 自走車(上) (搭配 AppInventor 2, IpCam) <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ma23UwY2gSA/YP55ICnzShI/AAAAAAAAWU8/nSWJwQdIRkABVu5NPTdDr7HqD052SZD1QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/qEClYDv.jpg" width="40%"></p> ## 一.摘要 &emsp;&emsp;本專案將透過Arduino D1開發板作為核心來製作Wifi自走車。Arduino D1為一款擁有WiFi功能的Arduino開發版,相較於Arduino Yun更是便宜了不少,因此成為多數基礎物連開發的首選。然而Arduino D1 並不是沒有缺點,他的最大缺點「類比輸入只有一個腳位」導致許多感應器不能同時連到Arduino D1,不過對本文來說影響並不大,因此還是選擇了Arduino D1。 ## 二.材料 | 材料名稱 | 數量 | 大約價格 | | --------------------- | --- | ------ | | Arduino D1 開發板 | 1片 | 180 | | 自走車車體、減速馬達、車輪 | 1組 | 250 | | L9110直流馬達驅動板 | 1片 | 30 | | 3.7V鋰電池 | 2顆 | 170 | | 鋰電池電池座 | 1個 | 20 | | 電源供應板 | 1片 | 50 | | 16\*2LCD ( 搭配I2C) | 1組 |100 | | HC-SR04 超音波感應模組 | 1片 | 25 | | 超音波感應模組托架 | 1個 | 40 | | 杜邦線 | 數條 | 50 | | M3銅柱、M3螺絲螺帽 | 數個 | 50 | | 具有wifi功能之手機 | 2台 | | | App inventor 2 | | | | Arduino IDE | | | ## 三.D1腳位及運作架構圖 * Arduino D1 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/HiFmAkz.png" width="30%"></p> * 配線圖 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/CtWQmFi.png" width="50%"></p> * 流程圖 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/CVdNOB6.png" width="70%"></p> ## 四.組裝車體 &emsp;&emsp;車體組裝方式一各人有所不同,只要能運作即可,在此提供敝人的組裝方式: 1. 馬達與輪子的部分就直接跳過吧,相信各位不用3分鐘就能組裝完成 2. 底板下方的部分除了輪子外,L9110S馬達控制板也在此,並平行於馬達安裝,有6條杜邦線透過中間的圓孔穿透到底板上方連接Arduino D1及電源供應板。 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/NImJ0bJ.jpg" width="35%">&nbsp;<img src="https://i.imgur.com/KAqvjti.jpg" width="35%"></p> 3. 底板上方的部分即是Arduino D1、電源供應板、以及被拖架拖著的HC-SR04 超音波感應模組,電源供應板將電池的7.4~8.4V降為5V供D1使用,另外,馬達控制板(L9110S)使用的是未經變壓過的電源驅動馬達。(詳細腳位接法請見==3.D1腳位及運作架構圖==) <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/Ul9TdG2.png" width="35%">&nbsp;<img src="https://i.imgur.com/E6S1n7L.png" width="35%"></p> 4. 頂板為LCD、電池和一部手機,並使用銅柱固定 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/2MRB6xt.jpg" width="35%">&nbsp;<img src="https://i.imgur.com/mKGExtk.jpg" width="35%"></p> ## 五.車體Arduino程式碼 &emsp;&emsp;關於Arduino IDE的設定可以參考佑來了的教學影片[Arduino教學- WiFi無線入門](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-14MtNWltg)。開發板須設定為`WeMos D1(Retired)`本專案以範例檔`WifiWebServer`的架構改寫(如有註解不當或缺失歡迎留言補充) **宣告部分** ```c= /*函式庫宣告*/ #include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> #include <Wire.h> /*常數宣告*/ const char* ssid = "WIFIARD"; //Wifi SSID const char* password = "12345678"; //Wifi PassWord const double usPcm = 29.4; //microSecond Per cm. const float minDistance=10.00; //距離下限(若低於距離下限則馬達不得前進) /*變數宣告*/ String req = ""; //儲存接收到之字串 String stat =""; //車子狀態 //(B=測距模組失效,W=行進中,N=正常待命,D=距離前方障礙物過近) int Speed_L = 0 ; //左馬達速度 int Speed_R = 0 ; //右馬達速度 float distance; //hc-sr04 距離 /*腳位宣告*/ #define hc_trig D10 #define hc_echo D11 #define motor_L_A D0 #define motor_L_B D1 #define motor_R_A D2 #define motor_R_B D5 #define lcd_SDA D14 #define lcd_SCL D15 /*其他宣告*/ WiFiServer server(80); //伺服器port宣告 LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); //LCD宣告 ``` **函式宣告** ```c= String get_process_Message(WiFiClient client){ //接收並處理資料 req = client.readStringUntil('\r'); /* * req=> GET /資料 HTTP/1.1 * replace(A, B) A換為B */ req.replace("GET /", "");//去頭 req.replace("HTTP/1.1", "");//去尾 client.flush(); Speed_L =req.substring(0,1).toInt()-5; Speed_R =req.substring(1,2).toInt()-5; } void dataToHtml(WiFiClient client){ //資訊製網 String s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n< !DOCTYPE HTML > < html >,"; s += String(String(Speed_L) + "," + String(Speed_R) + "," + String(distance) + "," + String(stat) + ",< /html >"); client.print(s); } void printLcd(LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd, int R, int C, String text){ //LCD輸出 lcd.setCursor(R, C); lcd.print(text); } float Ranging(){ //測距 float duration; float distance; digitalWrite(hc_trig, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(200); digitalWrite(hc_trig, LOW); duration = pulseIn (hc_echo, HIGH); distance = duration/2/usPcm; return(distance-1); } void set_Motor(int Speed_L, int Speed_R){ //設定馬達速度 if(Speed_L>0){//設定左輪 analogWrite(motor_L_A,map(Speed_L,0,4,300,800)); analogWrite(motor_L_B,0); }else if(Speed_L<0){ analogWrite(motor_L_A,0); analogWrite(motor_L_B,map(Speed_L,0,-4,300,800)); }else{//(Speed_L==0) analogWrite(motor_L_A,0); analogWrite(motor_L_B,0); } if(Speed_R>0){//設定右輪 analogWrite(motor_R_A,map(Speed_R,0,4,300,800)); analogWrite(motor_R_B,0); }else if(Speed_R<0){ analogWrite(motor_R_A,0); analogWrite(motor_R_B,map(Speed_R,0,-4,300,800)); }else{//(Speed_R==0) analogWrite(motor_R_A,0); analogWrite(motor_R_B,0); } } ``` **初始化部分** ```c= void setup() { pinMode (hc_trig , OUTPUT); pinMode (hc_echo , INPUT ); pinMode (motor_L_A, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor_L_B, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor_R_A, OUTPUT); pinMode (motor_R_B, OUTPUT); Wire.begin(lcd_SDA, lcd_SCL); lcd.begin(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, "WELCOME"); delay(1000); lcd.clear(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, "Connect to WIfi"); printLcd(lcd, 0, 1, "SSID:"); printLcd(lcd, 5, 1, ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid, password);//連線至指定wifi while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //連線中 delay(500); } server.begin(); //啟用伺服器 lcd.clear(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, "WiFi connected!"); printLcd(lcd, 0, 1, WiFi.localIP().toString()); delay(1000); } ``` **迴圈部分** ```c= void loop() { if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //檢查連線 lcd.clear(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, "Lose connected!"); delay(2000); return; } WiFiClient client = server.available(); if (!client) { //未接收訊息要做的事 distance =Ranging(); if(distance == -1.00){ stat="B"; }else if(distance < minDistance){ //若車子距離前方障礙物過近則馬達不得前進 if(Speed_L>0){ Speed_L=0; } if(Speed_R>0){ Speed_R=0; } stat="D"; }else if(Speed_L!=0 | Speed_R!=0){ stat="W"; }else{ stat="N"; } set_Motor(Speed_L, Speed_R); lcd.clear(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, String(distance)); printLcd(lcd, 10, 0, String(Speed_L)); printLcd(lcd, 13, 0, String(Speed_R)); dataToHtml(client); delay(100); return; } while(!client.available()){ delay(1); } //接收到資料要做的事 get_process_Message(client); distance =Ranging(); if(distance == -1.00){ stat="B"; }else if(distance < minDistance){ //若車子距離前方障礙物過近則馬達不得前進 if(Speed_L>0){ Speed_L=0; } if(Speed_R>0){ Speed_R=0; } stat="D"; }else if(Speed_L!=0 | Speed_R!=0){ stat="W"; }else{ stat="N"; } set_Motor(Speed_L, Speed_R); lcd.clear(); printLcd(lcd, 0, 0, String(distance)); printLcd(lcd, 10, 0, String(Speed_L)); printLcd(lcd, 13, 0, String(Speed_R)); dataToHtml(client); delay(10); } ``` ## 以下三部分請見 [使用 Arduino D1 製作 Wifi 自走車(下)](http://bo-sgoldhouse.blogspot.tw/2018/04/arduino-d1-wifi_15.html) * 六.即時影像傳輸 * 七.手機控制端App介面 * 八.手機控制端程式碼 ==感謝您閱讀本文章==

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