Wire Lab 讀書會
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    # 陳毅 - 讀書會 - 21/07/10 :::info - [x] 閱讀 Netmanias-03-LTE Identification II-NE and Location Identifiers ::: ## LTE identification ![](https://i.imgur.com/bYJYplf.png) 本篇主要探討 LTE Network equipment (NE) 的 ID 識別號碼。 一般來說, NE ID 可以被分為兩大類: - PLMN only - Globally ![](https://i.imgur.com/JMIchZc.png) ### IDs to Identify MME MME 為位於 E-UTRAN 與 EPC 之間的網元, UE 透過與 HSS 交換控制訊號來連接到 LTE 網絡 。 一般來說,電信業者會將多個 MME 組成一個 MME Group 。 至於用於識別 MME 的 MME ID 由運營商在安裝該 MME 時分配。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/l6BFRiM.png) - MMEGI (MME Group Identifier ) MME Group 的識別號。 - MMEC (MME Code) 識別 MME Group 中的 MME 。 - S-TMSI S-TMSI 是由 MME Code + M-TMSI 組成,也就是當要做 Paging 的時候。會 paging 到 Tracking Area 內的所有 Cell ,所以會由 NAS paging S-TMSI 到特定的MME之中。 - [M-TMSI (MME Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity )](https://hackmd.io/CF9Av993RJSz-kTdBdvCsw#GUTI-Globally-Unique-Temporary-Identifier) M-TMSI is used to uniquely identify a UE within an MME group. ### IDs to Identify eNodeB ![](https://i.imgur.com/UZoFc5P.png) - Global eNB ID 識別該 eNB 屬於哪一間電信營運商 - ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier) 由於一個 eNB 可以拆分成幾個 Cell , ECI 用來記錄此為該 eNB 的第幾個 Cell - ECGI (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier) Global eNB ID + Cell ID ### ID to Identify P-GW ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZplUHrl.png) P-GW 幫助 UE 連結到 PDN ,一家電信營運商會有多個 P-GW ,有可能是分流用途,抑或是用於連結不同的外部網路 (IMS), P-GW ID 可以有兩種形式: - IP address - FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain name) 一般來說,訂閱用戶所使用的 P-GW 會被紀錄在 HSS 中,當 UE 的 Call attch 接到 MME 時,它會查詢 HSS 來確定目標 P-GW 。 對 P-GW 來說,有兩種分配方式: - Fixed allocation Network operator provisions a P-GW ID as a subscribed profile in the HSS. - Dynamic allocation MME selects a P-GW according to the P-GW selection policy set by the operator. ### Identifiers for UE Location ![](https://i.imgur.com/Wvz7NTy.png) MME 掌管了 UE 的 Mobility ,因此 MME 需要去更新 UE 的所在的實際位址。 - TAC (Tracking Area Code) - TAI (Tracking Area Identifier) 在 UE1 第一次做 Attach request 時, MME 會幫 UE1 註冊一個 TAI List ,從上圖可知, TAI List (UE1) 的內容為: `{TAC1, TAC2}` 。 - 當 UE1 從 TA1 移到 TA2 時, UE1 會嘗試監聽來自 TA2 的廣播訊息,來檢查 TAI List ,這時 UE1 會發現 TA2 已經在列表中,所以它不必觸發 TAU (TA Update)。 - 當 UE1 再從 TA2 移到 TA3 時, UE1 會嘗試監聽來自 TA3 的廣播訊息,來檢查 TAI List ,這時 UE1 會發現 TA3 不在列表中,所以它必須觸發 TAU (TA Update) 給 MME 去更新 UE1 的位置資訊。 ## Q & A 1. 不清楚文中對 UE 處在 Idle 狀態下的 Paging 的描述。 > 內文: > However, if the UE is in idle state, the MME does not know which cell the UE is located in. So, it searches the TA last reported for the UE. In other words, the MME sends a Paging message to all the eNBs belonging to the TA announcing there is data for the UE. A UE in idle state wakes up at certain periods to check for any Paging message... 在 UE 處與 Active 的狀態下, EPC 可以輕鬆的將資料送給 UE ,不過,若 UE 處於 Idle 的狀態情況會變得麻煩一些。 Paging 的概念就跟早期的 BB Call 一樣,可以做到通知 UE 要記得跟 eNB 建立連線 (RRC init work 只能由 UE 端發起), Paging 的大致步驟如下: 1. 查詢 MME 以取得該 UE 最近一次更新的 TA 訊息,這樣才能縮小 Paging 的範圍,不用向全台灣的基地台發出推播。 2. eNB 會對 UE 進行 Paging, Paging message 會包含 S-TMSI ,當 UE Wake up 檢查所有 Paging message 時,就可以透過 S-TMSI 進行身分核對。 3. UE 向 eNB 發起 RRC init work 4. 如果 UE 需要傳送資料,需進行 Attach Request 。 ## Reference - [LTE: Tracking Area, TAI, TAU, TAC到底是什麼](http://xdxdd.blogspot.com/2012/08/lte-tracking-area-tai-tau-tac.html) - [LTE: Paging Proccess](http://xdxdd.blogspot.com/2012/08/lte-paging-proccess.html)

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