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    --- tags: 1092, lsa --- # Week 02(2021/03/04) - Book mode https://hackmd.io/@ncnu-opensource/book [複習ㄉ報告](https://hackmd.io/IQ-IZ2v6SiCxb8Uab4XEsw) ## 指令們 - `ps` 顯示 process - `<instruction>` `<-options>` - `-`有時可不加,這跟是否符合 POSIX 標準有關 - `apt` 所在位置 `/usr/bin` - 查找指令位置 `whereis + <instruction> ` - 誰可以用 sudo? - `sudo vim /etc/sudoers` ![](https://i.imgur.com/WzDNLB3.png) - `cat /etc/group | grep sudo` 查看 sudo group 中有哪些 user ![](https://i.imgur.com/Foqyibg.png) - `<群組名稱>:<群組密碼>:<GID>:<授權的 user>` - `/etc/security/limits.conf` - 設定數目,ex:每個使用者可以用多少 process、多少檔案... - `soft` : 先給預設,不過可以用指令更改資源 - `hard` : 不能改得到的資源 - `/etc/sysctl.conf` - 調整系統設定 - 但是重灌可能會洗掉,所以可以移到 `/etc/sysctl.d` (其實很多其他程式會用 .d 結尾的資料夾,為了方便區分設定檔) - `apt update` - 平常 update 的東西是載到 /var(因為常變動) - `/var/lib` 各種軟體的子目錄 - `/var/cache/apt/archives/` 安裝檔 - `sudo find /` 看有多少目錄~ ## 檔案權限 - 資料夾預設為 644 - 用`ls -l`看 - `-rwxr-xr-x ` - `chmod` - `chown` - 第一碼(檔案種類) - `c` : io 裝置 - `b` : block - `l` : 連結 - `d` : 資料夾 - `file` - 告訴你這個檔案的資訊 - `whereis` - 顯示檔案位置 - `export` - 顯示環境變數 - 由 shell 或 bash 讀輸入的東西,bash 去環境變數找檔案(指令一定是檔案) - `file /bin/ls` - `bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, (省略...), for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped` - stripped 是 gcc compile 時能下參數讓 binary 不要包含 function name - SYSV 跟 POSIX - ELF 一種執行檔封裝格式 - `strings` - 印出可顯示的字 - `ld a.out` - 可以找出動態連結or靜態連結 - `id` - 得到 uid - `s` - `x` + setuid - 讓任何能跑這個程式的使用者,能用 file owner 的身份執行 - 用在 `passwd` 能讓普通人用 root 身份去改密碼 - `chmod u+s <filename>` - 資安小提醒:給任何程式和使用者越小權限越好 ## 分組囉~ 2 人一組 填個 :hamburger: |報告順序| 組別 | 組員1 | 組員2 |主題 |-|-|-|-|-| || 0 | 海綿寶 | 派大星 |去蟹堡王工作| |2| 1 | 蔣毓庭 | 葉衣玲 |資訊安全(二):入侵偵測與防護 isolation、(H/N)IDS、(H/N)IPS、災害控制與反應、基本電子鑑識觀念技巧| |3| 2 | 夜光閃亮亮復仇鬼 | 蓬萊人偶 |備份、自動化與大量管理 需要自動化的工作、自動化的方法| |1| 3 | 科佑竟然 | 艾傑克草 |虛擬化技術(一) 硬體虛擬化、Container、KVM、Xen、LXC/LXD、Docker |5| 4 | 小臭臭 | 史密提威威傑格曼傑森 |自動測試、大量部屬 更進一步自動化、客製化、差異化| |4| 5 | 葉浩堯 | 陳佳境 | 虛擬化技術(二)、雲端 大量虛擬化與自動化的結合:Private/Public Cloud、OpenStack、Swarm| |6| 6 | 啥正 | 王同鮭魚盡 |負載平衡和高度可用性|

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