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    # [筆記] 網路基礎概論-DNS Server ###### tags: `mentor-program` ## DNS server 今天我們在網址上輸入 `github.com`,照理說就要能連到管理 `github.com` 的這台主機,但是電腦看不懂 `github.com` ,它只認得 IP 位址。 就像跟計程車司機說:「我要去 `中正紀念堂` 」,假設司機不知道中正紀念堂在哪不知道怎麼去,這時它就要用 `Google Map` 找中正紀念堂的地址,透過 Google Map 得知地址在 `台北市中正區中山南路21號` ,這樣司機就知道在哪了。如果事先知道地址也能直接跟司機說:「我要去台北市中正區中山南路21號」,這樣就不用透過 Google Map 到目的地了。 所以可以想成: 中正紀念堂 -> Domain Name 台北市中正區中山南路21號 -> Ip Google Map -> DNS Server 所以簡單的來說,DNS Server 就是一個負責把 domain name 轉成 ip 位置的地方。 ## 我們也能自己查詢 Ip 可以在 commane line 上輸入 ``` nslookup google.com ``` 得到的結果: ``` Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com Address: 172.217.160.78 <-- ip ``` ## /etc/hosts 每個人的電腦裡都會有一個這樣的檔案,它會紀錄什麼 Ip 對應到什麼 domain,當我們在網址列上輸入 domain name 時,其實會優先在這個檔案裡搜尋,沒有的會才到 DNS server 查詢 這份檔案裡大概長這樣: ``` ## # Host Database # # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry. ## 127.0.0.1 localhost.com 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost ``` `127.0.0.1` 是個特殊的 Ip,就是指本機(自己電腦的主機)的意思 ### 補充:如何用 hosts 破解正版 假設是 adobe 軟體有個檢查是否是盜版的 request,假設 domain name 為 adobe.com ,而我們在 hosts 裡將 adobe.com 設為一個不存在的 ip 位址,這樣 request 就會被導到那個不存在的地方然後就沒有回應了(沒試過好想試)

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