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    # 日環食-這次不看就要等200年! ###### tags: `天文學` `地球科學` ## 難得一見的天文奇景 ![](https://i.imgur.com/yO2Mrv0.png) 2020年6月21日下午2點到5點,我們將可以觀測到應該(?!)是我們有生之年能看到的唯一一次的 日環食 ,下一次的觀測機會要等到2215年去了...,一定要好好把我這次的觀測機會啊! ## 日食的成因 ![](https://i.imgur.com/C2jD6jC.jpg) 日時的成因非常簡單,就是月球剛剛好擋住太陽所致,月球繞行地球公轉過程中,若月球公轉至太陽與地球之間,三者連成一條直線時,月球的影子落在地球上,在影子周圍的地表一定範圍內的我們便能觀察到日食天象。 ## 日環食 的成因 ![](https://i.imgur.com/9YA0daG.jpg) 依據月球與地球連線的角度與距離不同,影子落在地球上的狀況也不同: - 月地距離遠,連線角度小:可以觀測到日環食及日偏食 - 月地距離近,連線角度小:可以觀測到日全食及日偏食 - 不論月地距離,連線角度大時:只能觀測到日偏食 從圖中我們可以知道,日食的觀測區域必須在月球影子落下的地表周圍,且會受到月地距離和角度的影響,而這次日環食本影帶剛好落在台灣真的難能可貴,推薦有時間一定要觀測一下這個自然奇觀。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/jvlRAg2.png) ## 日環食 過程中太陽的變化 ![](https://i.imgur.com/6gditLj.gif) 日環食分為五個階段: 日環食階段|說明|觀測地點 ---|---|--- 初虧|月球與太陽的外緣接觸(偏食)|全台皆可觀測 食既|月球與太陽內切(偏食>環食)|嘉義和金門 食甚|月球位於太陽中心(環食)|全台皆可觀測 生光|月球再度與太陽內切(環食>偏食)|嘉義和金門 復圓|月球完全離開太陽(偏食結束)|全台皆可觀測 這邊要注意的是,食既>食甚>生光的時間其實非常的短暫,大約時間是1分鐘,稍縱即逝,各位可以透過天文館製作的日食地圖確認自己所在地的觀測時間。 <iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1bR4HZOoC6OZQKWt5Z_91qO4570q4yZnn" width="640" height="480"></iframe> ## 台灣最近的日食 日食種類|前次|下一次 ---|---|--- 日環食|2012/05/21|2020/06/21 (再下次是2215/06/28!!!) 日全食|1941/09/21|2070/04/11 日偏食|2019/12/26|2023/04/20 ## 如何觀測 日環食 由於太陽不能長時間目視,若要使用肉眼觀測日食,必須要配戴有良好減光效果的日食觀測眼鏡,避免眼睛受傷。或是透過望遠鏡或相機,在適當的減光條件下完成觀測及攝影。 觀測方式|說明 ---|--- 目視|配戴日食觀測眼鏡,每次直視太陽不超過20秒 (注意!一般的太陽眼鏡不能用於觀測) 針孔投影|將陽光透過小孔投影到白紙上,間接觀測日食狀態(非常安全) 望遠鏡|配置太陽觀測用減光鏡便能直接觀測日食狀態 相機攝影|使用長焦段鏡頭並搭配ND5.0的減光鏡便能拍攝日食特寫,須注意確實減光,避免相機受損或觀測時人眼受傷 ## 期待06/20的到來! 天文館針對這次的日環食準備了超多教材,當天也會有現場觀測和直播活動,都可以在[天文館的網站](https://www.tam.museum/astronomy/forecast_detail.php?lang=tw&id=389)找到,尤其推薦YouTube上超紮實的[日食講座](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzYYnhQlXmVECrImEIqGWyZE1cxfZvBIG),讓我們一起期待有生之年最後一次日環食吧!

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