# Toeic學習筆記
###### tags:`隨筆筆記`
## 開始之前:
* 每天必看一部VoiceTube的影片
https://tw.voicetube.com/
* 每天必看一則新聞
http://learningenglish.voanews.com/section/level-one/3774.html
* 有空多看看
[【推薦】不想再從無聊的教科書練習英文閱讀嗎？VT整理了7個超豐富網站，英文閱讀從此不無聊！](http://tw.blog.voicetube.com/2016/01/18/%E3%80%90%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E3%80%917%E5%80%8B%E8%B6%85%E8%B1%90%E5%AF%8C%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E5%BE%9E%E6%AD%A4%E4%B8%8D%E7%84%A1%E8%81%8A)
* 每天聆聽Listen to News
[Listen to News](https://edition.englishclub.com/category/listening-news/)

## 題目與答題技巧
[聽力篇]
第一大纇:共100題:考試時間45分鐘
1. 照片描述:10題(4選1)
2. 應答問題:30題(3選1)
3. 簡短對話:30題(4選1)
4. 簡短獨白:30題(4選1)
考試技巧:
* 看圖題考是刪去法
* 把握5W1H
* 把握時間，搶讀下一選項
* 畫卡用手指指
* 沒聽清楚就猜
[閱讀篇]
第二大纇:共100題:考試時間75分鐘
5. 單句填空:40題(4選1)
6. 短文填空:12題(4選1)
7. 單篇文章理解:28題(4選1)
8. 雙篇文章理解:20題(4選1)
考試技巧:
* 時間分配
* 長篇文章先看選項
* 穩扎穩打:有餘力在看一遍

## Vocabulary

### U1
* treat
treat the girl's arm
* fill
fill A with B
fill the car with fuel
* wear
wear v.s. put on
wear glasses
* fix
= repair
fix the computer
* stack
be stacked in piles
be stacked on the desk
* mow
mow the grass
* overlook
overlook the water
* gather
gather data
* arrive
arrive at the airport
* arrange
be arranged in the cupboard
* answer
answer emails
* attend
attend English speaking classes
* participate
participate in
participate in the upcoming training
* consult
consult Mr.Parker's email
* delay
delay the experiment
* conduct
conduct a tour of the museum
* announce
announce substantial revenue growth
* hold
hold its annual fund-raising dinner
* submit
= turn in, hand in
submit a resume
* offer
offer special discounts
### U2
* carry
carry construction materials

* hang
hang your coat

* adjust
adjust the light

* look
* address
* direct
* inspect
* crowd
* reach
* situate
* discuss
* attribute
* review
* hire
* meet
* have yet to
* fill out
* renew
* complete
* seek
### U3
* approach
* suspend
* lean
* load
* plant
* reflect
* water
* stroll
* face
* wait
* regret
* approve
* suggest
* know
* encourage
* aim
* qualify
* state
* release
* cover
### U4
* expect
* place the order
* bring
* win
* set up
* paint
* happen
* run out of
* shut down
* stop by
* ship
* remove
* reduce
* avoid
* affect
* check
* prevent
* damage
* mark
* found
### U7
* apply
* store
* introduce
* suppose
* recommend
* take place
* honor
* publish
* publicize
* outline
* devote
* involve
* concern
* equip
* engage
* expose
* guide
* donate
* launch
* please

### U8
* retire
* leave
* break down
* last
* assume
* decrease
* type
* implement
* create
* double
* insist
* silence
* deal with
* install
* need
* cancel
* promote
* follow
* schedule
* order

### U9
* reservation
* warranty
* receipt
* refund
* delay
* length
* ceremony
* agenda
* security
* conference
* figure
* deadline
* estimate
* representative
* account
* inspection
* appointment
* article
* policy
* proposal

### U10
* location
* fee
* payment
* entrance
* regulation
* cost
* method
* problem
* way
* result
* strategy
* itinerary
* anniversary
* preference
* position
* instruction
* contract
* identification
* shipment

### U11
* presentation
* construction
* supplies
* budget
* need
* assistant
* applicant
* invitation
* performance
* equipment
* procedure
* invoice
* right
* effect
* growth
* innqiry
* operation
* management
* subscription
* merger

### U12
* delivery
* difficulty
* process
* complaint
* duty
* assignment
* responsibility
* candidate
* negotiation
* period
* maintenance
* reference
* organization
* innovation
* chance
* replacement
* arrangement
* layoff
* instrument
* skill

### U13
* possible
* further
* quickly
* willing
* available
* suitable
* annual
* significant
* aggressive
* complete
* easily
* previos
* confident
* able
* usually
* immediately
* following
* advanced
* positive
* unanimously

### U14
* already
* close
* famous
* interested
* amazing
* ready
* completely
* original
* effective
* upcoming
* unique
* start-of-the-art
* confidential
* certified
* right
* superior
* unlimited
* temporary
* kindly
* properly

### U15
* mechanical
* qualified
* monthly
* unnecessarry
* public
* smoothly
* increasingly
* up-to-date
* recently
* useful
* absent
* comparatively
* incoming
* unfortunately
* greatly
* responsible
* convenient
* overseas
* traditional

### U16
* respective
* simply
* automatically
* temporarity
* informative
* excellent
* enough
* complimentary
* outdated
* hard
* detailed
* existing
* latest
* reliable
* personal
* promptly
* defective
* wrong
* nervous
* only

## Part 1

### 基本時態/多義字/相似發音單字
1. 描述照片時，主要用進行式或現在式
2. 若選項用未來或過去的時態，就是錯誤的答案
3. 現在完成式也有可能是答案
4. 若照片進行某項動作，則為例外，表示很近的未來: be about to V,有可能是正確答案

attention:be about to

**多義字**
* board
* fish
* hand
* park
* pile
* plant
* run
* repair
* water
* row
* store
* book
* check
* break

**相似發音**

* band v.s. bend
* car v.s. cart
* cord v.s. coat
* chop v.s. shop
* glass v.s. grass
* hold v.s. fold
* pick v.s. speak
* pile v.s. file
* sip v.s. ship v.s. sheep
* rain v.s. trail v.s. train
* write v.s. ride
* work v.s. walk
* shirt v.s. shorts
* ball v.s. doll v.s. bowl
* leave v.s. live

### 人物照片
* 要注意利用動詞和事物名詞的錯誤答案
* 以人中心的照片 ->背景周圍事物可能是答案
* 可用被動進行式表達人物動作
* 注意相似發音單字和多義字

### 周遭事物和背景描述
不是以人物做為答案，而是以描寫周邊事物或背景為正確答案的情形。以各種單字做為主詞，來表達照片中事物或背景

### 二人以上照片
* 自照片中出現二人以上
* 集中聆聽描寫照片中的人物動作動詞
* 描寫共同動作、其中一人特定動作、敘述周遭環境 ->ANSWER

### 特定人物描寫
在照片中登場人物中，特別描寫其中一人物答案 ->ANSWER

### 周遭環境描寫
雖人物登場卻無描述人動作和狀態，而是描寫人物周邊環境

### 事物風景照
* 事物背景主詞單字
* 沒出現於圖片名詞 ->WRONG
* 位置介係詞片語
* "be being p.p." ->WRONG,**expect:be being displayed**

## Part 2

### 疑問詞問句

* 12~13題/30題
* 不能忽略最前面疑問詞
* 不能用YES/NO回答
* 錯誤不符情境單字 ->WRONG ANSWER
* 主旨在疑問句前

**When**
-in
-next
-any
-some
-at
-by
-on
-after/before
-beetween
-whthin
-ago
-last
-時間副詞

**who**

**where**
-in
-at
-on
-next to[by]
-across
-to
-close to
-try

**what**

**why**
ANSWER:
To~
In order to~
Due to~
~~Because~~

**how**
how much
how long
how opten
howsoon[quickly]
how far
how many
how many times
how do you like
how ~ get to
how ~ did go

### 一般疑問句/勸誘提議疑問句

* 注意主詞人稱和動詞時態
* 省略YES/NO較多
* 即使YES/NO回答，無關蓮也是WRONG ANSWER
* 可能會用較迂迴方式回答
* 注意單字、易混淆單字、相似詞語

**類型:
be動詞疑問句
do/have動詞疑問句
勸誘提議疑問句
would/could/should開頭**

### 相似發音單字/多義字
**相似發音單字**
|A|B|
|---|---|
|already|ready
|retire|tired
|presentation|present
|hear|here
|leave|live
|contract|contact
|copy|coffee
|personnel|personl
|resign|sign
|lunch|launch
**多義字**
|名稱|義1|義2|義3|
|---|---|---|---|
|board|公布欄|董事會
|break|休息|打破|發生故障
|carry|攜帶|搬運|出售
|charge|責任、擔當|費用|請款
|last|最後的|持續
|order|訂單、順序|下訂；命令
|party|派對|人
|present|禮物|現在得、出席的|給予
|rest|休息|剩下的東西
|store|店家|儲藏存放

## Part 3

### 旅行/娛樂/購物
* 旅行相關題目 ->旅行地點、行程、交通方式...
* 娛樂相關題目 ->表演、派對、活動...
* 購物相關題目 ->購買、退貨、退款...

### 交通/不動產/生活
* 交通 ->主要出現交通方式和交通堵塞等對話
* 不動產 ->買賣、租賃、服務
* 生活 ->日常生活相關

### 活動/業務/人事
* 活動 ->晚宴活動、活動負責人、員工進修
* 業務 ->出差、會議行程、業務處理過程、文書處理過程
* 人事->面試、晉升、人事異動
* 出題2~3個題組

### 訂單/約定/其他業務
* 訂單 ->出現購買、換貨、退款
* 約定 ->客戶得會面、行程變更

## Part 4

### 語音
* 打電話的人留下語音訊息 ->電話內容、變更事項、要求事項
* 公共機關或企業的錄音訊息 ->營業時間、公告事項、公司資訊及位置
* 無法接聽而留下語音訊息 ->無法接聽理由、其他連絡方法
* 前半部 ->主題、目的、說話者的身分

### 觀光導覽/活動導覽

1. 導覽 ->觀光地或博物館；介紹行程；注意事項的內容
2. 公司 ->公司的活動、行程
3. 自我介紹:身分、介紹目的 -> 注意事項、指示細節
4. highlight:注意事項、禁止行為

### 廣告公告/人物介紹
* 公司會議或活動的相關內容
* 公共場所、購物中心、店家
* 交通工具、場所內
* 出題方向:主題目的、詳細事項次之；要求留意事項

### 收音機廣播/新聞報導/廣告
* 路況報導、天氣預報、新聞介紹
* 節目最後，告知下次播報時間
* 敘述:招呼語(開頭) ->主題 ->詳細事項 ->建議事項 ->下次節目預報

## Part5&6/7

### 動詞

1.不及物動詞
**不及物動詞** + 介系詞 + 受詞

2.及物動詞
**及物動詞** + 受詞

**不及物動詞舉例:**
* account for
* respond to
* proceed with
* enroll in
* serve as
* reply to
* apply for
* talk with
* refer to
* depend on
* object to
* apologize for
* participate in
* comply with
* refrain from
* look for
* register for
* coincide with

**及物動詞舉例**
* reach
* consider
* follow
* contact
* resemble
* mention
* answer
* affect
* report
* leave
* discuss
* enter
* join
* approach
* address
* announce
* explain
* attend
**key point**
* 主詞+動詞
* 主詞+介系詞片語(介系詞+名詞)+動詞
The conditions [for theposition] are clearly stated on the advertisement.

* 主詞+分詞片語(V-ing/p.p.)+動詞
Those [apply for this position] have to submit a resume.
* 主詞+關係子句+動詞
The equipment [which was installed in the office] has hardly been used.

助動詞種纇:
can, could
may, might
must, have to
had better, should
could, should, might
would, used to

助動詞+動詞

Please+原形動詞

### 名詞

1. adj.+ n.
2. a/an/the + n.
3. vt. + n.
4. 介系詞 + n.
5. 所有格 + n.

**複合名詞**
application form
attendance record
occupancy rate
production schedule
business costs
client satisfication
safty regulations
interest rates
baggage allowance
feasibility study
maternity leave
account information
employee productivity
insurance coverage
admission fee
assmbly line
retirement laucheon
performance appraisal
meal preferences
office supplies
quality requirements
market share
budget surplus
performance evaluation
travel arrangements
company regulations
press conference
tourist attractions

### 形容詞
**形容詞詞尾**
* -ic
economic
strategic
* -ous
previos
various
* -ful
wonderful
successful
* -ble
considerable
reliable
* -ry
temporary
necessary
* -ent/-ant
sufficient
reliant
* -ive
attractive
indicative
* -al
local
beneficial
* Noun. +ly
timely
costly
orderly
likely
friendly
quarterly

**形容詞位置**
1. adj. + N.
2. be/become/remain/stay/seem + adj.
3. keep/find/consider/make/leave + 受詞 + 形容詞

**容易混淆形容詞**
economic, economical
considerable, considerate
successful, successive
respectful, respective
resposible,responsive
dependant, dependable
reliant, reliable
confident, confidential

### 副詞

**重要副詞**
temporarily
promptly
significantly
efficently
relatively
especially
severely
conviniently
immediately
repeatedly
suddenly
cautiously
exclusively
properly
currently
approximately

**副詞位置**

1. adv. + adj.
2. adv. + V-ing/p.p.
3. S. + adv. + Verb.

**易混淆副詞**
late, lately
hard, hardly
high, highly
close, closely
heavy, heavily
scare, scarcely

**否定副詞**
hardly
seldom
never
scarcely
rarly

**否定副詞片語**
by no means
in no way
on no account
in no situation
under no circumstances
only when ...
no sooner...than...,

### 代名詞
**為了避免前面已出現過名詞**

1. ==主詞代名詞== + Verb.
2. ==所有格== + N.
3. Vt./介係詞 + ==代名詞受格==

**反身代名詞**
by oneself
in itself
for oneself
of oneself

**指示代名詞**
that
those

**those who**
**those with**

**another/other**

### 單複數ㄧ致
1.
|單數主詞
|--------
|可數單字名詞
|不可數名詞
**+**
|==單數動詞==
|---

2.
|複數主詞
|---
|可數複數名詞
|複數代名詞
**+**
|==複數動詞==
|---

3.

**常見不可數名詞**

* advice
* baggage
* quipment
* planning
* advertising
* furniture
* information
* knowledge
* potential
* certification
* luggage
* machinery
* permission
* productivity
* funding

### 被動態
* 被動詞be動詞+p.p.後面**不能接受詞!**
1. 主動態+名詞
被動態+~~名詞~~
2. be+V-ing+名詞
be+p.p. +~~名詞~~
* 不及物動詞不能以被動態使用
EX:
take place
arrive
appear
rise
decline
seem
become
expire
exist
* by以外介系詞被動態用法
1. be p.p.+with
2. be p.p.+to
3. be p.p.+in
4. be p.p.+at
5. be p.p.+about
6. be p.p.+for

### 時態
* 過去
原型動詞-ed
* 現在

* 未來
will+Verb

* 現在完成式
-since 3 years ago
-for 2years
over the last
for the last
in the past
during the last
already
so far

* 過去完成式
表達以過去某個時間為基準點，在基準點更早之前所發生動作或狀態
**時間副詞子句**(Brfore+S+V-ed)+**主要子句**(S+had p.p.)

* 未來完成式
表達現在或過去所發生事情，將在未來某個特定時間點完成
**時間副詞子句**(By the time+S+現在Verb)+**主要子句**(主詞+will have p.p.)

**時態不一致**
1. 在時間副詞子句和副詞子句中，用現在式動詞或是現在完成式來代替未來式
時間連接詞:
when
while
until
before
after
as soon as
條件連接詞:
if
unless
once
as long as
2. 在表示要求、堅持、忠告、建議、推薦的動詞後面that子句中，要使用原型動詞
**S+**
ask
insist
recommend
require
demand
order
request
suggest,+**that S+(sould)+原形V**

3. 在表示"重要、當然、必須"的形容詞後面所接的that子句，要使用原形動詞
**It is +**
natural
important
imperative
vital
necessary
advisable
essential
mandatory,+**that S+(should)+原形V**

### 假設語氣
**以if為基準，使動詞互相配合
1. 現在式
**If + S. + 現在V.** + **S.+will/can/may/should +V** ,or **(please)+現在V.**
2. 過去式
**If + S. + 過去V.** + **S. +would/could/might +原形V**
3. 過去完成式
**If + S. + had p.p.**+ **S+would/could/might+ have p.p.**
4. should 假設語氣
**If + S. + should + 原形V** +**S.+will/can/may/should +V** ,or **(please)+現在V.**
5.
### 分詞

現在分詞
* demanding supervisor
* challenging project
* disappointing result
* mounting pressure
* missing luggage
* promising candidate
* existing equipment
* lasting impression
* rising cost
* remaining staff
* leading company
* exciting game
* opposing opinion
* growing concern

過去分詞
* written consent
* updated system
* revised edition
* detailed information
* discounted prices
* finished products
* limited time
* requested paperwork
* preferred means
* dedicated representatives
* enclosed contract
* designated area

### To不定詞
**接to不定詞受詞的動詞**
* want to V
* wish to V
* intend to V
* refuse to V
* arrange to V
* tend to V
* hope to V
* plan to V
* promise to V
* agree to V
* manage to V
* deserve to V
* expect to V
* decide to V
* offer to V
* prepare to V
* afford to V
* demand to V

**補語**
|S.+ V.+ O.+ to V, or O. + be p.p. + to V.
|---
|advise
|allow
|ask
|expect
|force
|invite
|permit
|require
|remind
|instruct
|encourage
|entitled

|接受to不定詞修飾的名詞
|---
|way to v
|effort to v
|time to v
|plan to v
|ability to v
|right to v
|authority to v
|decision to v
|attempt to v
|opportunity to v
|chance to v
|aim to v

**為了做~**

**for n. to**

**使役have**

**不定詞慣用表達**
**1. be + adj. + to~**
be able to ~
be certain to ~
be eager to ~
be about to ~
be ready to ~
be reluctant to ~
be willing to ~
be likely to ~
be eligible to ~
**2. enough to**
be + adj. + enough + to~

in order to V. = so as to V.

### 動名詞
1. 主詞
2. 及物動詞的受詞
* enjoy
* finish
* consider
* mind
* recommend
* suggest
* avoid
* quit
* postphone
* include, + V-ing~

3. ing結尾名詞
planning
seating
funding
clothing
ticketing
a meeting
an understanding
a beginning

4. 動名詞慣用表達:
feel like
cannot help
be busy
keep
have difficulty
be worth
spend time
on
be capable of, + V-ing

5. 介係詞to+ 動名詞
be used to V-ing
be accustomed to V-ing
look forward to V-ing
object to V-ing
come close to V-ing
be dedicated to V-ing

### 連接詞
區分連接詞和介系詞題目最常出現
1. **介系詞** + 名詞
2. 帶有相同意義連接詞和介系詞

**時間:**

|介系詞|意義|連接詞|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|during|在~期間|while
|following=after|在~之後|after
|prior to=before|在~之前|before

**理由**

|介系詞|意義|連接詞|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|because of=due to=owing to=on account of|因為~|because=since=as

**條件**

|介系詞|意義|連接詞|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|in case of in the event of|在~情況下|in case(that) in the event(that)
|without/barring|除非~|unless

**讓步**

|介系詞|意義|連接詞|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|despite=inspite of|雖然~|althoough=though=even though=even if

3. **連接詞** + 名詞 + 動詞
* 從屬連接詞
* 引導名詞子句的從屬連接詞
* 對等連接詞
* 相關連接詞
both A and B
not only A but(also) B
B as well as A
either A or B
neither A or B
not A but B

### 介系詞
**介系詞:** 出現在名詞或代名詞前面，表示時間,地點,理由,方向等意思
1. in
* 時間:年、月、季節、世紀、期間
* 地點:封閉的場所、都市、國家
* 所屬、領域
2. on
* 時間:特定的日子、星期
* 地點:~上面、(一直線)位置
3. at
* 時間:具體得時間、年末、年初
* 地點:一個地點、狹窄的場所
4. for
* 方向
* for V.S. during
5. by
* 方法
* by~ing
* by V.S. until
6. within
* 期間:在~以內
* 地點:在~以內
7. throughout
* 期間:期間、從頭到尾
* 地點:遍及、遍布
8. through
* 通過
* 經由~(方法)
9. 其他介系詞
* expect (for)
* besides = in addition to
* after = following
* next to = beside = by
* near
* into
* out of
* along
* without = barring
* before = prior to
* as to = with respect to = with regard to
* with
* above
* in fount of/behind
* beneath

10. 分詞形介系詞
* concerning = regarding
* considering
* excluding
* compaared to
* including

**介系詞的慣用表達**

**in**
in detail
in particular
in addition to
in terms of
advance in
in spite of
in person
in general
in advance
interest in
rise in
in the event of
in writing
in stock
in conclusion
succeed in
in response to
in charge of

**at**
at least
at all times
at the latest
at first
at most
at best

**on**
on schedule
on foot
on sale
on behalf of
on duty
on the rise
on time
on display
on request

**to**
according to
due to
prior to

**for**
for free
be eligible for
expect for
for sale
register for
be noted/famous/known/renowned for

**out of**
out of office
out of stock
out of control
go out of business
out of date
out of order
out of work
be made out of
out of reach
out of print
out of survice
run out of

### 關係代名詞
**關係代名詞 = 連接詞 + 代名詞**

人:
* 主格:who
* 受格:whom
* 所有格:whose

事:
* 主格:which
* 受格:which
* 所有格:whose

1. 主格關係代名詞
名詞(先行詞) + **who/which/that** + Verb.

2. 受格關係代名詞
名詞(先行詞) + **whom/which/that** + 及物Verb.
3. 介系詞 +格關係代名詞
名詞(先行詞) + 介系詞 + **whom/which** + Verb
4. 所有格主詞代名詞
名詞(先行詞) + **whose** + 完整句子

**關係代名詞省略**
省略"主格關係代名詞+be動詞"
單獨省略受格受格關係ˋ代名詞

**關係代名詞 v.s. 關係副詞**
* 關係代名詞 = 連接詞 + 代名詞
* 關係副詞 = 連接詞 + 副詞

| 先行詞 | 關係副詞 | 介系詞+關係代名詞 |
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|the time|when+complete sentence|when=on/in which
|the place|where+complete sentence|where=at/on/in/to+which
|the reason|why+complete sentence|why=for+which
|the way|how+complete sentence|how=in/of/to+which

* 複合關係副詞:whenever,wherever,however

| whenever | wherever |
| -------- | -------- |
|不論何時~/ 任何時間都~|不論去哪

* 複合關係代名詞:whatever,whoever,whichever

|whatever|whoever|whichever
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
|不論是什麼|不論是誰|不管是哪個

### 比較級和最高級
**原級**
兩者同等情形
**比較級**
一程度較高情形
**最高級**
一程度最高情形

使用"the + 比較級"的情形

**冠詞the例外與比較級使用**
1. 明確指出比較對象
of the two複數名詞 + the 比較級
2. The + 比較級句型
The比較級~(越) + the比較級~(就越)

**強調比較級**
much、even、far、still + 比較級

**慣用表現**
no later than + time
at a later time
all the more
at the latest
rather A than B

**其他的比較級表現**
be superior to
prior to
prefer A to B

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## 筆記

### 被動
|不及物動詞不能以被動態使用
|---
|take place
|arrive
|appear
|rise
|decline
|seem
|become
|expire
|exist

### 不定詞

**接to不定詞受詞的動詞**
* want to V
* wish to V
* intend to V
* refuse to V
* arrange to V
* tend to V
* hope to V
* plan to V
* promise to V
* agree to V
* manage to V
* deserve to V
* expect to V
* decide to V
* offer to V
* prepare to V
* afford to V
* demand to V

**及物動詞的受詞**
* enjoy
* finish
* consider
* mind
* recommend
* suggest
* avoid
* quit
* postphone
* include, + V-ing~

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參考自:全新NEW TOEIC 新多益聽力閱讀策略，和網路網站等