###### tags: `PyTorch`
# PyTorch - 搭建神經網絡
在 PyTorch 中搭建神經網絡有一個固定格式,[參考PyTorch 文本](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html)
格式固定為 class Model,其中包含`__init__(self)` & `forward(self, x)` 如下:
```python=
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 20, 5)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(20, 20, 5)
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
return F.relu(self.conv2(x))
```
來試試上一篇回歸的問題,使用這種方式搭建模型。
## 1. 建立 DATA
```python=
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
X = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 200), dim=1) # x data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
Y = 2*X.pow(2) + 0.3*torch.rand(X.size()) # noisy y data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
plt.scatter(X.data.numpy(), Y.data.numpy())
plt.show()
```
![](https://i.imgur.com/sHQVI8I.png)
將X,Y 丟進 Variable 做梯度計算用。
```python=
X=Variable(torch.Tensor(X.reshape(200,1)))
Y=Variable(torch.Tensor(Y.reshape(200,1)))
```
## 2. 建立神經網絡模型
先定義所有的層屬性(__init __()),然後再一層層搭建(forward(x))層於層的關係鏈接。
這邊先在 `__init__()` 中寫好要使用的 nn,然後在 forward()中將串接過程使用激活函數。
```python=
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.nn1 = nn.Linear(1, 15) #第一層 Linear NN
self.nn2 = nn.Linear(15, 1) #第二層 Linear NN
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.nn1(x)) #對第一層 NN 使用Relu激活
x = self.nn2(x) #第二層直接輸出
return x
model = Model()
print(model) #將模型print出來看看
```
```
Model(
(nn1): Linear(in_features=1, out_features=15, bias=True)
(nn2): Linear(in_features=15, out_features=1, bias=True)
)
```
搭建好了之後,一樣選擇優化器&損失函數:
```python=
optimizer = torch.optim.RMSprop(model.parameters(), lr=0.005)
loss_function = torch.nn.MSELoss()
```
## 3. 直接將訓練過程可視化
```python=
epochs = 500
for epoch in range(epochs):
prediction = model(X)
loss = loss_function(prediction, Y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if epoch % 20 == 0:
# plot and show learning process
plt.cla()
plt.scatter(X.data.numpy(), Y.data.numpy())
plt.plot(X.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5)
plt.text(0.5, 0, 'Loss=%.4f' % loss.data.numpy(), fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'})
plt.savefig('D:\\img'+'%s'%epoch+'.jpg')
plt.pause(0.1)
```
製作成GIF如下:
![](https://i.imgur.com/clVtNGs.gif)