程式語言的變化 - LED 排燈練習

• 新視窗直接開啟

幾種簡單的變化

此處的範例，Arduino接上10個LED燈，分別從 4,5,6 …到 13 號接腳

(P1)單一LED顯示

void setup() {
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH); // 輸出亮
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW); // 輸出滅
  delay(500);
}

(P2)多個LED顯示

一直重覆寫就對了?!

三個燈輪流亮滅

void setup() {
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(8, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
}

void loop() {
  // led
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH); delay(500);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);  delay(500);
  
  // led
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH); delay(500);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);  delay(500);

  // led
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH); delay(500);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);  delay(500);
}

(P3)三個燈一起亮滅

void setup() {
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(8, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
}

void loop() {

  // led
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH); // 輸出亮  
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH); // 輸出亮 
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH); // 輸出亮
  delay(500);
  
  digitalWrite(7, LOW); // 輸出滅
  digitalWrite(8, LOW); // 輸出滅
  digitalWrite(9, LOW); // 輸出滅
  delay(500);
  
}

利用程式強化靈活與彈性

• 參數的設定
• 迴圈運用
• 內建函式
• 運算技巧

(P4)迴圈運用

void setup() {
  for(int i=4; i<=13; i++)
  {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位  
  }
  /*
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(5, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(8, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(11, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(12, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位
  */
}


void loop() {

  int pin;
  for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
  {
    // led
    pin = i + 4;
    digitalWrite(pin,1);
    digitalWrite(pin+1,1); 
    digitalWrite(pin+2,1); 
    delay(100);
    
    digitalWrite(pin,0);
    digitalWrite(pin+1,0); 
    digitalWrite(pin+2,0); 
    delay(100);
  }  
}

(P5)Ring環狀

void setup() {
  for(int i=4; i<=13; i++)
  {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位  
  }
}

/*
i   : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
i%5 : 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4  0  1  2  3  4  0  1  2  3  4  
i%10: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
*/

void loop() {

  int pin1, pin2, pin3;
  for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
  {
    pin1 = 4 + ((i+0)%10);
    pin2 = 4 + ((i+1)%10);
    pin3 = 4 + ((i+2)%10);
    
    // led
    digitalWrite(pin1,1);
    digitalWrite(pin2,1); 
    digitalWrite(pin3,1); 
    delay(500);
    
    digitalWrite(pin1,0);
    digitalWrite(pin2,0); 
    digitalWrite(pin3,0); 
    delay(0);
  }  
}

(P6)內建隨機亂數，隨便選一個燈亮

void setup() {
  for(int i=4; i<=13; i++)
  {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // 輸出腳位  
  }
}

void loop() {
  int pin;
  
  // pin = rand() % 10;   // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  // pin = (rand() % 10) + 4;   // 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
  
  pin = random(4, 14);

  digitalWrite(pin,1); 
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(pin,0);  
  delay(0);
}

做出更多樣的變化

• 定義函式呼叫

(P7)指定參數、自建函式led()

// output led
int p0 = 4;
int p1 = 5;
int p2 = 6;
int p3 = 7;
int p4 = 8;
int p5 = 9;
int p6 = 10;
int p7 = 11;
int p8 = 12;
int p9 = 13;

int u = 500;

void setup()
{
  pinMode(p0, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p6, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p7, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p8, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p9, OUTPUT);
}


void loop()                     
{
    u=100;
    led(1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
}


void led(int a0, int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7, int a8, int a9)
{
    digitalWrite(p0, a0);
    digitalWrite(p1, a1);
    digitalWrite(p2, a2);
    digitalWrite(p3, a3);
    digitalWrite(p4, a4);
    digitalWrite(p5, a5);
    digitalWrite(p6, a6);
    digitalWrite(p7, a7);
    digitalWrite(p8, a8);
    digitalWrite(p9, a9);
}

(P8)用函式定義多種風格的顯示

// output led
int p0 = 4;
int p1 = 5;
int p2 = 6;
int p3 = 7;
int p4 = 8;
int p5 = 9;
int p6 = 10;
int p7 = 11;
int p8 = 12;
int p9 = 13;

int u = 500;

void setup()
{
  pinMode(p0, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p6, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p7, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p8, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p9, OUTPUT);
}


void loop()                     
{
  type_1(200);
  type_1(100);
  for(int i=0; i<20; i++)
  {
    type_1(10);
  }
  
  for(int i=0; i<=50; i++)
  {
    type_2();
  }
  
}


void type_1(int u)
{  
    // int u=50;
    led(1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1);  delay(u);
    led(0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0);  delay(u);
    led(1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1);  delay(u);
}


void type_2()
{  
    u=100;
    led(1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0);  delay(u);
    led(0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1);  delay(u);
}


void led(int a0, int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7, int a8, int a9)
{
    digitalWrite(p0, a0);
    digitalWrite(p1, a1);
    digitalWrite(p2, a2);
    digitalWrite(p3, a3);
    digitalWrite(p4, a4);
    digitalWrite(p5, a5);
    digitalWrite(p6, a6);
    digitalWrite(p7, a7);
    digitalWrite(p8, a8);
    digitalWrite(p9, a9);
}