反射定律
作者:王一哲
日期:2018/2/6
本次課程檔案已上傳至 GeoGebraTube,可以線上操作或下載檔案
- 反射定律範例 https://ggbm.at/P2x59HdN
- 平面鏡反射夾角60度 https://ggbm.at/BJFmpcjm
反射定律示意圖繪圖步驟
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選取新點工具,用滑鼠在繪圖區上畫出點A、B。在這裡不要用指令畫點,因為輸入指令時會指定點的位置,之後沒辦法用滑鼠拖曳改變點的位置。
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選取線段工具,用滑鼠左鍵在點A、B上各按一下。或是用指令
將線段調粗、改為藍色當作平面鏡。
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線段工具選單
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選取新點工具,用滑鼠左鍵在線段f上按一下畫出點C,也就是入射光照到平面鏡的位置。或是用指令
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選取垂直線工具,用滑鼠左鍵在點C、線段f上按一下左鍵。或是用指令
g = PerpendicularLine(C, f)
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反射定律範例步驟 1 ~ 4 成果
- 但是直接用垂直線當作法線實在太長了,所以我們在垂直線g上面新增點D,再畫出點C、D之間的線段,最後把垂直線g隱藏起來,這樣會比較好看一點。或是用指令
D = Point(g)
h = Segment(C, D)
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反射定律範例步驟 5 成果
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選取新點工具,用滑鼠在繪圖區上畫出點E,在這裡不要用指令畫點,因為輸入指令時會指定點的位置,之後沒辦法用滑鼠拖曳改變點的位置。再畫出點C、D之間的線段i當作入射光。
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選取線對稱工具,用滑鼠左鍵依序在線段i、h上各點一下,畫出反射光。或是用指令
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線對稱工具選單
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反射定律範例步驟 6 ~ 7 成果
- 選取畫角度工具,用滑鼠左鍵依序在點E、C、D上各點一下畫出入射角α,依序在點D、C、E’上各點一下畫出反射角β。或是用指令
α = Angle(E, C, D)
β = Angle(D, C, E
最後再把不需要的東西隱藏起來,把物件格式調整成自己喜歡的樣子就完成了。
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畫角度工具選單
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反射定律範例最終成果
夾角為60°的兩平面鏡繪圖步驟
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仿照上面的步驟1、2畫出點A、B及線段f作為下方的平面鏡。
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選取新點工具,用滑鼠在繪圖區上畫出點C,這是與下方平面鏡平行的入射光會經過的點。
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新增控制平面鏡夾角θ用的數值滑桿,最小值0°,最大值90°,增量1°。或是用指令
θ = Slider(0°, 90°, 1°)
可以使用快速鍵 Alt + O 輸入 ° ,這樣會比按虛擬鍵盤方便。手動將θ調整為60°。
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畫出繞A點逆時鐘方向旋轉 θ 後的平面鏡。點選倒數第2個工具列右下角向下的三角形,點選第4個旋轉工具,再依序點選線段f、轉軸位置A點,於選項視窗中選擇旋轉角度為 ,逆時針方向旋轉,最後按下確定。除了用工具列之外,也可以用以下指令
指令的格式為
Rotate(被旋轉的物件名稱, 旋轉角度, 轉軸位置)
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旋轉工具
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旋轉工具選項
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟1 ~ 4成果
- 選取平行線工具,用滑鼠左鍵分別在線段f、點C上各點一下。或是用指令
指令的格式為
Line(直線經過的點名稱, 平行的直線或線段名稱)
但是這樣入射光會穿過平面鏡,所以還需要調整一下。
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平行線工具選單
- 選取交點工具,用滑鼠左鍵分別在直線g、線段f'上各點一下,畫出入射光打在左側平面鏡上的位置點D。或是用指令
指令的格式為
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交點工具選單
- 選取射線工具,用滑鼠左鍵依序在點D、點C上各點一下,畫出入射光。或是用指令
指令的格式為
畫完之後再把直線g隱藏起來。
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射線工具選單
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟5 ~ 7成果
- 仿照上面的步驟4、5畫出入射光在左側平面鏡的法線,仿照上面的步驟7畫反射光。但這次的入射光是線射,所以畫出來的反射光會穿過下方的平面鏡,還需要再處理一下。
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟8成果
- 仿照步驟6找出反射光和線段f的交點F,畫出線段DF。
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟9成果
- 仿照步驟8第1次的反射光在下方平面鏡的法線,再用線對稱畫出第2次的反射光。但這次的入射光是線段,所以畫出來的反射光不會延伸出去,還需要再處理一下。
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟10成果
- 選取射線工具,用滑鼠左鍵依序在點F、點D'1上各點一下,畫出第2次的反射光。畫完之後再把線段m’隱藏起來。
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡步驟11成果
- 最後用畫角度工具標示平面鏡夾角、入射角、反射角,把物件屬性調整成自己喜歡的樣子就完成了。
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夾角為60°的兩平面鏡最終成果
構圖按本
當繪圖步驟越來越多之後,可以由檢視 ⇒ 構圖按本或是按 Ctrl + Shift + L 開啟構圖按本視窗,這樣就能看到繪圖的步驟,甚至可以知道到哪個步驟時圖的樣子為何,是很方便的工具。
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構圖按本選單
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構圖按本視窗
相關指令的官方說明書
- 點 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Point_Command
- 線段 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Segment_Command
- 垂直線 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/PerpendicularLine_Command
- 線對稱 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Reflect_Command
- 畫角度 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Angle_Command
- 數值滑桿 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Slider_Command
- 旋轉 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Rotate_Command
- 直線 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Line_Command
- 交點 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Intersect_Command
- 射線 https://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Ray_Command