---
# System prepended metadata

title: Embedded

---

# Embedded

## `I. Requirement gathering`

### 1. Problem statement
Traditional way of shrimp farming is time-consuming with extra labour, extra cost and less efficiency. Intensive shrimp farming requires suitable solutions for those problems. We design a solution for shrimp farming, also a simple monitor and control system.

### 2. Scope definition
We design a shrimp farming system with separated ponds of, assume, an area of approximately 1000m², with some aerators and sensors for observing statistics. On the software side, we build a dashboard website for user to monitor the system.

### 3. Functional and non-functional requirements
**Functional requirements:**
- The system have separated ponds, each for a specific purpose:
    - Water supplier
    - Sedimentation pond (ao lắng):
        - Pre-farming: to purify water
        - Post-farming: for waste water treatment
    - Hatchery pond (ao ươm tôm) 
    - Main farming pond (ao nuôi chính)
    - Outlet valve (thoát nước)
- Ponds are equiped with sensors for detecting temperature, oxygen, pH and alkaline etc.
- Ponds are equiped with an aerator
- Dashboard website should display data collected within 30 days, also show simple graphs to users
- The website should have a feature for users to adjust constances (e.g. oxygen moderate range)

**Non-functional requirements:**
- Construct the ponds carefully so that they're not rusted, also provide roof covers
- System shall run 24/7
- Communication between microcontroller, server and software should not have much delay, especially if there are any warnings or errors
- Dashboard website UI should be user-friendly

### 4. Deployment parameter
The system is constructed in an area of approximatly up to 1000m², the area is used for both ponds, commuting and placing hardware devices, and should not be strongly affected by environment.

## `II. Requirement analysis`

### 1. Variables in performance
- Farming productivity (sales or amount of shrimp raised)
- Water temperature: The suitable temperature for raising black tiger shrimp is from 28 to 30℃ and white shrimp is from 25 to 30℃
- Water salinity: The ideal salinity for black tiger shrimp farming is 18 to 20‰ while white shrimp needs a salinity of 25 to 28‰
- Water clarity: The suitable clarity for shrimp ponds is usually from 30 to 45cm
- Dissolved oxygen: should be about 5mg/l or higher
- pH: between 7,2 and 8,8
- Delay in communication between blocks in the architecture
- Frequency of error occurrences

### 2. Cost & complexity
**Complexity:**
One typical point of a shrimp farming system is that they requires multiple ponds with different purposes, hence placing controller, hardware or network device could be a challenge. Moreover, since each ponds have specific size, placing sensors should be consider carefully.

**Cost:**
- Microcontrollers: 15 million vnd
- Sensors: 60 million vnd
- Ponds: 90 million vnd
- Aerators: 10 million vnd
- Others (server, software, networking devices): approximately 60 million vnd
- Overall: about 250 million vnd

### 3. Tradeoff
- Higher quality of aerators, sensors, or server, database requires higher budget
- Using lower cost solutions (LoRa, UDP protocol or low cost sensors) might provide unreliable output

## `III. System design`

### 1. System architecture

**Shrimp farming system architecture (approximately 30x34m²):**

![](https://i.imgur.com/ZpEXgEI.png)

Detailed architecture will be provided in Prototype below

**Mockup UI for software:**

![](https://i.imgur.com/AEy1GCY.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/Mxyl9GZ.png)

**Mock UI preview:** https://www.figma.com/proto/NC7eAqpaQUtp1OGMyyoqvh/Untitled?node-id=1%3A128&scaling=scale-down

### 2. Hardware-software partitioning
**Hardware:**
- Platform: STM32
- Connection: Zigbee
- Communication protocol: MQTT
- Network devices, server gateway
- Sensors:
    - Temperature
    - Oxygen
    - pH, alkaline
- Aerators

**Software:**
- Web application
- Backend
- Database

### 3. Hardware & software selection
**Hardware:**
- Controller: 2 for each sedimental and hatchary pond, 3 for main farming pond
- Temperature sensor: model Si7021, 3 for each sedimental and hatchary, 9 for main farming pond
- Oxygen sensor: model AQUA-DO, same amount as temperature sensor
- pH sensor: model PH-X-420-I, same amount as above
- Aerators: 1 for each sedimentals and hatchary pond, 2 for main farming pond

**Software:**
- Web application: React JS and SWR for data fetching enhancemence, displayy real-time data and graphs
- Backend: handle observing performance of the system, raise warnings/errors
- Database: MongoDB

### 4. Prototype & testing strategy

![](https://i.imgur.com/Wmn9Cvc.png)

- Each sedimental and hatchary pond has 2 microcontrollers, 3 sensors node and an aerator
- Main farming pond has 4 microcontrollers, 3 times of sensors node as sedimental pond, and 2 aerators
- All farming ponds are centralized so that the process of collecting data is optimal

**Testing strategy:**
- Data received in server should be periodically and should not fluctuate a lot: observe in the web application's feed


---

## Nháp
Điều kiện cần khi nuôi tôm
Chất lượng nước
Quạt

Proposal chi tiết
Thiết kế, mô tả thiết bị, server
Mock UI for app

Kỹ thuật nuôi tôm 2 giai đoạn:
Ương tôm và nuôi thương phẩm

![](https://i.imgur.com/S041PBQ.png)


Thiết kế hệ thống nuôi tôm gồm nguồn nước, ao chứa và ương tôm, ao nuôi tôm, ao lắng và xử lý và hệ thống thoát nước.

Ao ương:
- Diện tích 20 - 25%, khoảng 200m2
- Chiều sâu tối đa 1,0m, thiết kế hình tròn để thuận lợi chuyển tôm
- Thiết kế di động, lót bạt, mái che
- Môi trường cần được kiểm soát chặt chẽ để tôm ít bệnh:
    - Tôm khoẻ mạnh, không trong chu kỳ lột xác
    - Bổ sung thêm khoáng, beta glucan, vitamin C giúp tôm khỏe lên rồi mới tiến hành san tôm

Ao nuôi:
- 75 - 80%, khoảng 800m2
- Chiều sâu 1,2 - 1,5m

## Reference
- https://tepbac.com/technical/full/334-nhung-giai-phap-ky-thuat-chinh-trong-nuoi-tom-hai-giai-doan.htm
- https://biogency.com.vn/yeu-to-anh-huong-den-nuoi-tom-can-quan-tam/
- https://chuyengiatom.com/thiet-ke-chuan-bi-ao-nuoi-tom-the-chan-trang-theo-chuan-vietgap-phan-1/
- https://tepbac.com/tin-tuc/full/ky-thuat-uong-tom-thuc-chien-33842.html#:~:text=M%E1%BA%ADt%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99%20%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%20t%C3%B4m%20th%E1%BA%BB&text=%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%20m%E1%BA%ADt%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99%201.000%20%E2%80%93%202.000,1.000%20%E2%80%93%202.000%20post%2Fm3
- https://bannhanong.vn/danhmuc/NQ==/baiviet/Quy-trinh-tam-thoi-nuoi-tom-nuoc-lo-an-toan-trong-vung-dich-benh-Phan-1-/NDg0NA==/index.bnn
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/lorawan-vs-zigbee-which-wireless-iot-protocol-best-me-luke-day/
- https://westerntechvn.com.vn/tieng-anh-chuyen-nganh-xu-ly-nuoc-thai-moi-truong.htm
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57388750/what-are-advantages-of-mqtt-over-tcp-ip-since-mqtt-is-based-on-tcp-why-dont-w
